At the same time, I would like to tell you that it is possible to place evacuation plans next to evacuation exits. Also, as a rule, reception areas, elevator platforms, as well as places where your staff (or visitors) can be in the waiting stage can be considered successful placement.
To date, the guidance documents do not provide specific recommendations regarding the places for hanging fire evacuation plans. Therefore, in reality, plans by the owners of objects are often placed near the floor entrance (exit) or not far from the main or spare emergency exits.
In principle, such an installation is not prohibited by modern rules. fire safety. In this case, many aspects of safety are observed by the owner: the plan itself is installed in a place visible to people, and of course this is certainly true if we consider issues of fire prevention.
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An employee or visitor to your organization, immediately upon entering your organization, will immediately turn their attention to. But let's think about whether in this case the evacuation plan will fulfill its applied purpose, if it is placed that way?
We personally doubt it, because we believe that not a single person will look for an evacuation plan and check where the EXIT is if it is clearly distinguishable and within reach. The evacuation plan in this case simply loses its value.
It is very important to place the plan at a point in your organization where there will be no obvious exits, and there are no fire safety signs that would indicate the correct and safe movement to the evacuation exits.
For example, if your object has a complex layout, then when placing the plan, you most likely need to be guided not only by the principle that it hangs in a "visible and clearly distinguishable place", but you also need to take into account the maximum and reasonable distance of the plan from the main (emergency) evacuation exits.
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In order for the evacuation plan to have an excellent application, it must be remembered that it must be accurately oriented with regards to the building structures themselves. As a rule, a correct and accurate orientation is understood to be just such an installation of the plan, when there is no possibility for a person using the evacuation plan to perceive it "mirror".
Simply put, let's take the case where a person is staring at the evacuation plan and notes on it that, for example, the evacuation exit is on the left. Turning his head to the left, this person actually visually finds the indicated evacuation (main or emergency) exit.
Download the main violations of the Rules fire regime, which are allowed by the owners, checked by the fire inspectors of the objects, can be !
But as soon as the owner of the facility places the evacuation plan on the wall opposite, when your employee (or visitor) turns his head in the direction indicated by the evacuation plan, he will not see the evacuation exit (this is a phenomenon in this case will be called mirror perception).
How I am sometimes amazed by objects on which evacuation plans are printed on a sheet of A4 paper in black and white. Dear entrepreneurs, do not invent extra work for yourself, especially do not give money for making evacuation plans that may not be required. Let's take a look at when it is necessary to develop and post an evacuation plan, and when it is not necessary.
Guiding documents: . . And just a little bit of the requirements from Federal Law 123 "TR on TPB"
Let's begin to consider the documents in order of their importance.
Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 (as amended on July 10, 2012) will go first" Technical regulation on fire safety requirements"
Article 84
2. The information transmitted by the systems for warning people about a fire and managing the evacuation of people must comply with the information contained in the plans developed and placed on each floor of buildings and structures. evacuation of people.
It makes no sense to hang evacuation plans on each floor and this article is not about that. The main requirement of the article is that voice announcement, written or dictated text must fully comply with the actual evacuation plan. At some facilities, the layout and evacuation plan may differ on different floors. More about evacuation plans in federal law not said.
Clause 6. At an object with a mass stay of people (except for residential buildings), as well as at an object with jobs on the floor for 10 or more people, the head of the organization ensures that people have evacuation plans in case of fire.
Here it is more interesting. For convenience, we divide the paragraph into two parts.
The first part - objects with mass stay.
At a facility with a mass stay of people, the head of the organization ensures that there are plans for evacuating people in case of fire. As always, it is written very ambiguously.
Consider the case of a large shopping mall. It can be decided that:
1. The head of the organization - the head (owner, owner) who is responsible for the ENTIRE facility, ensures the availability of evacuation plans;
2. The head of the organization - any head (owner of a department, boutique, counter 1x1m) at a facility with a mass stay of people ensures the availability of evacuation plans.
If everything is clear in the first version, then there is a large shopping complex and plans for evacuating people from this complex in case of fire are placed on the walls. Everything is logical and natural.
The second option smacks of insanity, why, for example, should the owner of a boutique develop (order) an evacuation plan for this small room. In such rooms, with all the desire to get lost, it is simply impossible. Moreover, on normal basic plans, all these small premises are already indicated (and not small ones either, for example, like huge areas of grocery stores). It would be nice if these plans were implemented at least in some way in accordance with the requirements, more often it is just an A4 sheet with non-GOST signs and designations. I can only assume that all these perversions are not the whim of the inspectors, but the requirement of the landlords, the owners of the shopping complex. For example, remember in which office building, which is located in an office building, do people have evacuation plans in case of fire? I don't think it's possible to remember such buildings.
The second part is an object with workplaces per floor for 10 or more people.
If the object is not with a mass stay of people, then count how many jobs you have organized on the floor. If less than 10, you do not need an evacuation plan. The situation is the same with small stores, if the store is one-story and 3-5 people work in it, an evacuation plan is not needed for such a store. I am surprised when I see a quality correct evacuation plan 60x40 cm in size in a small built-in shop. There are not often 10 people in it, together with buyers, while it should be borne in mind that for an accurate calculation of the number of people at trade facilities, 1 person per 3 square meters is taken. meters of retail space, excluding commercial equipment.
The last document is GOST R 12.2.143-2009. national standard Russian Federation. System of labor safety standards. Photoluminescent evacuation systems. Requirements and methods of control. It spells out specific requirements for evacuation plans. I will lay out all the requirements, so it will be easier for you to understand them. I'll highlight the main points in bold italics.
6.2 Requirements for evacuation plans
6.2.1 Escape plans can be storey , sectional , local and summary (general).
Storey evacuation plans are developed for the floor as a whole. Sectional evacuation plans should be developed:
- if the floor area is more than 1000 m;
- if there are several separate emergency exits on the floor, separated from other parts of the floor by a wall, partition;
- if there are sliding, lifting-lowering and revolving doors, turnstiles on the floor;
- with complex (tangled or extended) evacuation routes.
The second copies of the floor (sectional) evacuation plans relating to one building, structure, vehicle or object are included in the consolidated (general) evacuation plan for the building, structure, vehicle or object as a whole.
Consolidated evacuation plans should be kept by the duty officer and issued at the first request of the head of the emergency response.
Local evacuation plans should be developed for individual premises (hotel rooms, hostels, hospital wards, cabins of passenger ships, etc.).
6.2.2 When carrying out work on the reconstruction or redevelopment of a building, structure, vehicle, facility, appropriate changes must be made to the evacuation plan.
6.2.3 Evacuation plans should consist of graphic and text parts. The grafical part should include a floor (sectional) layout of a building, structure, vehicle, facility indicating :
a) escape routes;
b) evacuation exits and (or) places for the placement of life-saving equipment;
c) emergency exits, smoke-free staircases, external open stairs, etc.;
d) the location of the evacuation plan itself in a building, structure, vehicle, object;
e) locations for life-saving appliances marked with safety signs and IMO symbols;
f) placements of funds fire protection, designated by fire safety signs and IMO symbols.
Colorographic images of safety signs, IMO symbols and safety signs (symbols) for industry purposes on evacuation plans must comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026, IMO Resolutions A.654 (16), A.760 (18) and regulatory documents industry purpose.
Safety signs and symbols may be supplemented with numeric, alphabetic or alphanumeric designations.
The height of safety signs and symbols on the evacuation plan should be from 8 to 15 mm, on the same evacuation plan they should be made on the same scale.
If it is necessary to specify the features ( specifications) fire protection equipment indicated on evacuation plans, it is allowed to use conventional graphic symbols in accordance with GOST 28130.
For safety signs, symbols and conventional graphic symbols, explanations of their semantic meaning should be given in the text part of the evacuation plan.
On the floor evacuation plans, the graphic part must indicate the floor number.
The text part should state:
- methods of warning about the occurrence of an emergency (fire, accident, etc.);
- order and sequence of evacuation of people;
- the duties and actions of people, including the procedure for calling firefighters or emergency rescue units, emergency medical care and etc.;
- order emergency stop equipment, mechanisms, power outages, etc.
- the procedure for manual (duplicating) switching on of systems (installations) of fire and emergency automatics.
The text part of the evacuation plans should contain instructions on actions in an emergency (in case of fire, accident, etc.), supplemented for clarity with safety signs and symbols.
6.2.4 Dimensions evacuation plans are selected depending on its purpose, the area of the room, the number of evacuation and emergency exits:
600x400 mm - for floor and sectional evacuation plans;
400x300 mm - for local evacuation plans.
6.2.5 Escape routes leading to the main evacuation exits should be marked solid line green color indicating the direction of movement.
6.2.6 Escape routes leading to emergency exits should be marked with a dashed green line indicating the direction of travel.
6.2.7 Escape plans should be based on photoluminescent materials.
6.2.8 The background of the escape plan should be yellowish white or white for photoluminescent materials.
6.2.9 Inscriptions and graphics on the evacuation plan (except for safety signs and symbols) should be black, regardless of the background.
The font of the inscriptions on the evacuation plan is in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026. Font height - not less than 5 mm .
6.2.10 Evacuation plans should be posted on the walls of rooms and corridors, on columns and in strict accordance with the location indicated on the evacuation plan itself.
Brief conclusions:
1. If you are the owner of an object with a mass stay of people, an evacuation plan should be.
2. Boutique owners, office tenants, etc. there is no need to hang homemade evacuation plans in your rented premises.
3. If the facility you own is not mass occupied, count the number of JOBS. 10 or more plan needed, otherwise NO.
According to the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation of PPB 01-03 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), in buildings and structures (except for residential buildings), with more than 10 people on the floor at a time, plans for evacuation of people in case of fire should be developed and posted in prominent places.
In addition, at facilities with a massive presence of people (50 or more people), in addition to the plan for evacuating people in case of fire, an instruction should be developed that determines the actions of personnel to ensure safe and quick evacuation of people.
For objects with people staying at night (kindergartens, boarding schools, hospitals, etc.), the instructions should provide for two options for actions: at night and during the day. These instructions must be kept in the room(s) of the staff on duty.
In accordance with paragraph 147 of the Rules, museums and art galleries must develop a plan for the evacuation of exhibits and other valuables.
8.3. Requirements for evacuation plans
According to the evacuation plan, this is a pre-developed plan (diagram), which indicates the evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits, establishes the rules of human behavior, the procedure and sequence of actions in an emergency.
All establishments that involve people should have evacuation plans in place in the event of a fire.
According to the developed evacuation plans, they are coordinated with the territorial division of the State Fire Service, approved by the head of the organization and are the basis for their reproduction and hanging in prominent places.
Evacuation plans should be used when carrying out the following activities:
systematic training and instruction of personnel in the rules of conduct in case of a possible evacuation;
drawing attention to the evacuation routes and orientation of people in a building or facility (dormitories, hotels, hospitals, etc.) in order to organize evacuation and rescue in case of fire;
carrying out emergency rescue operations in the process of liquidation emergencies(fire).
Evacuation plans can be storey, sectional and local.
Floor evacuation plans design for the floor as a whole. Floor plans are approved by the head of the organization (institution).
Sectional evacuation plans developed under the following conditions:
If the floor area is more than 1000 m 2 and there are several separate emergency exits on the floor, separated from other parts of the floor by a wall, a partition;
If there are sliding, lifting-lowering and revolving doors, turnstiles on the floor;
With complex (confusing or extended) escape routes.
Local evacuation plans are developed for individual premises (hotel rooms, campsites, motels, hospital wards, etc.).
Accordingly, when carrying out work on the reconstruction or redevelopment of a building, structure, facility, appropriate changes must be made to the evacuation plan.
Evacuation plans should consist of graphic and text parts.
The grafical part includes a floor (sectional) layout of a building, structure, facility, indicating:
a) escape routes;
b) evacuation exits and (or) places for the placement of life-saving equipment;
c) emergency exits, smoke-free staircases, external open stairs, etc.;
d) the location of the evacuation plan itself in the building, structure, facility;
e) places where life-saving appliances are located, marked with safety signs;
f) locations for the placement of life-saving fire protection equipment, indicated by fire safety signs.
According to the height of safety signs on the evacuation plan, they must be from 8 to 15 mm; on the same evacuation plan, they must be made on the same scale.
On the floor evacuation plans, the graphic part indicates the floor number.
Text part evacuation plans should contain instructions for action in a fire, supplemented for clarity by safety signs. When developing an evacuation plan, several (2-5) options for evacuating people from buildings should be provided, depending on the space-planning solution, the most likely places for a fire to occur and the possible nature of its development.
In the text part of the evacuation plans for each of the options, the following is given:
organization of a system for warning people about a fire (who decides on the need for evacuation, methods of notification and the contingent of those notified);
duties and actions of people, including the procedure for calling firefighters or emergency rescue units, etc .;
number of persons service personnel involved in the evacuation (the order of their collection, place of collection, time of collection);
the procedure and sequence of evacuation of people, evacuation routes, the procedure for movement during evacuation, the duties of the service personnel involved in the evacuation;
final destinations (the procedure for placing evacuees in accordance with the list, providing them with medical care);
the procedure for evacuating seriously ill patients, the possibility of using specially equipped elevators for this purpose, the location of stretchers, wheelchairs for transporting patients;
procedure for emergency shutdown of equipment, power outages, etc.;
the procedure for manual (duplicating) activation of fire automatics systems (installations).
The evacuation plan (graphical and textual parts) should be clearly drawn up and be in a conspicuous place in the premises with round-the-clock duty of the service personnel of the institution.
As an example, Table 7 shows the procedure for the maintenance personnel in case of a fire and instructions for the actions of the maintenance personnel and the head of the institution in the event of a fire.
The requirements of a fire evacuation plan require a plan to be in place in almost every building. You must have seen it and tried to find yourself there. But did you know that about 50% of plans are executed with errors?
Moreover, the errors are very typical:
- wrong size (without complying with the requirements of GOST)
- paper quality (someone even makes it on a regular office paper)
- unreadability (it is difficult to understand what / where even in a calm environment)
- lack of addresses, phone numbers, markings and designations (they will forget something)
- no indication of where you are (one of the most popular)
All these mistakes are found in almost every 2nd evacuation plan.
In this article, we propose to understand in order to understand how the very ideal fire evacuation plan should look like! Let's start with the wording...
What is an evacuation plan?
An evacuation plan is a document that indicates evacuation routes and exits, establishes rules of conduct, as well as the procedure and sequence of actions for people at the facility in the event of a fire. The requirements of the fire evacuation plan are specified in GOST 12.2.143-2009.
Goals of the evacuation plan
Having dealt with the wording, now let's deal with the goals of the evacuation plans. It would seem that everything is obvious (look and evacuate), but there are others, no less important goals, which impose the requirements of a fire evacuation plan.
- Designation of ways and evacuation exits, for independent exit of people from the premises in case of fire.
- Designation of locations fire fighting equipment and means of warning.
- A reminder of the priority actions to be taken when a fire is detected.
- Conducting systematic briefing and training of all personnel in the building on the rules of behavior in case of fire.
- Carrying out rescue operations during a fire.
Types of evacuation plan
As we have already said, the requirements of the evacuation plan are regulated by GOST 12.2.143-2009. It has an article 6.2.1, which indicates the types of evacuation plan:
- storey - developed for each floor of the building.
- sectional- required in the following cases:
- with a floor area of more than 1000 m2;
- if there are several exits on the floor, separated from each other and other parts of the floor by partitions or walls;
- if there are turnstiles, sliding, revolving and lifting doors on the floor;
- with complex or long evacuation routes. - local- is developed for individual premises, for example, hotel rooms, hospital wards, retail outlets in shopping centers, offices in business centers. It differs from the storey one in its smaller size and in the fact that it shows the escape routes from a particular room.
- Consolidated (general) - compiled on the basis of the second copies of sectional and storey. There is no need to place them in a conspicuous place. Such a plan is kept by the person on duty so that in the event of a fire it can be immediately submitted to the leaders of the emergency response. In the event of re-planning or reconstruction of any floor or section, the necessary changes must be made to the plan without delay.
Evacuation plan information
When filling out the information section, the requirements of the evacuation plan are required to indicate:
- document's name;
- the number of the floor to which the document applies;
- a schematic representation of the territory from which the evacuation is carried out;
- the shortest way to the emergency exits from each room located on the floor;
- decoding of conventional signs used in the construction of the route.
Also, the requirements of the 2018 fire evacuation plan require the mandatory reflection of information about the organization that developed the scheme. Mandatory details include:
- institution address;
- company name.
Similar information can be found at the bottom left side of the document. The regulations governing evacuation plans 2018 also oblige to display in the lower right corner the degree of brightness of luminescent light sources observed after 10 and 60 minutes after the blackout.
Evacuation plan requirements for maintenance
The evacuation plan according to GOST consists of 2 parts: text and graphic.
The graphic part is directly an evacuation scheme, including the floor plan of a building or structure, which indicates:
- emergency exits and ways to them;
- stairs, stairwells and emergency exits for evacuation;
- the locations of the evacuation plans themselves;
- locations for fire protection and rescue communications, marked with special signs and symbols (GOST R 12.4.026-2001 "System of labor safety standards. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application").
The text part contains instructions on actions in emergency situations for people in the building:
- ways to alert people about the occurrence of a fire, the names of the people responsible for alerting, alert zones;
- order and sequence of evacuation;
- duties and actions of personnel responsible for calling firefighters, ambulances;
- procedure for emergency shutdown of equipment, power supply, mechanisms;
- the procedure for manual shutdown of installations and systems of emergency and fire automatics.
For all symbols and safety signs in the text part of the plan, semantic explanations should be given. On the floor plans in the graphic part, the floor number must be indicated.
Evacuation plan requirements for the form
The requirements of the evacuation plan for dimensions depend on the area of the room for which it is made, and the number of emergency and evacuation exits. For local plans, the size is 400x300 mm, for storey and sectional plans - 600x400 mm. It is necessary to make evacuation plans from photoluminescent materials (the requirement is not mandatory, but causes controversy up to judicial practice).
The background of the plan should be yellowish white or white.
Safety signs and symbols in the graphic part must be 8 to 15 mm high and made in the same scale. The font of the inscriptions is regulated by GOST R. 12.4.026-2001 “SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods”, font height not less than 3 mm. The color of inscriptions and graphics, except for symbols and safety signs, must be black, regardless of the background color.
Escape routes leading to emergency exits are marked with a solid green line with a mandatory indication of the direction. Paths leading to emergency and emergency exits are marked with a dashed green line, also indicating the direction of travel.
Evacuation plan requirements for accommodation
Evacuation plans in case of fire are placed only in those places that are indicated on the plan itself. On each floor of a multi-storey building and in the main corridors leading to emergency exits, there must be a plan that provides orientation. The requirements of the evacuation plan take into account several factors:
- remoteness from exits - in the place most remote from the exit, there must be an evacuation plan;
- good illumination;
- the distance between plans on the same floor should not exceed 60 m;
- good visibility - the plan should not be obscured by foreign objects or merge with the background of the wall.
Fire safety requirements for evacuation plans
Not only GOST 12.2.143-2009 establishes requirements for evacuation plans, this is also done by Fire Regulations No. 390:
- Item 7:
At an object with a mass stay of people (except for residential buildings), as well as at an object with jobs on the floor for 10 or more people, the head of the organization ensures that people have evacuation plans in case of fire.
On the plan for the evacuation of people in case of fire, the places of storage of primary fire extinguishing equipment are indicated.
- Item 106:
The head of the organization ensures the development of a plan for the evacuation of exhibits and other valuables from the museum, art gallery, as well as the development of a plan for the evacuation of animals from the circus and the zoo in case of fire.
- Item 247:
The head of the organization in relation to the premises for storage (parking) of vehicles in the amount of more than 25 units located at the facilities transport infrastructure, ensures the development of a layout plan Vehicle with a description of the sequence and procedure for their evacuation in case of fire, as well as equipping the indicated premises and areas for open storage of vehicles (except for individual ones) with towing cables and rods at the rate of 1 cable (rod) per 10 pieces of equipment.
- Item 250:
The head of the organization ensures that at each metro station there is an operational fire extinguishing plan, instructions on fire safety measures, a passenger evacuation plan, instructions on the procedure for the actions of metro workers during the operation of tunnel ventilation shafts in case of smoke or fire
Based on materials: https://www.kp.ru/guide/plan-ievakuatsii-pri-pozhare.html
Evacuation plans - are they needed at all? Why are glow-in-the-dark escape plans relevant? How many plans are needed per building and where should they be placed? We have tried to answer all these questions.
Why are evacuation plans needed?
Several answers:
- A well-designed plan is the main element for preventive fire safety measures. It is simply necessary when practicing the right actions in possible extreme situations.
- A plan is needed in a real case of an emergency. The situation can develop in any unforeseen way. A visual plan will always help in such a situation to find the best solution for personal salvation, or for taking people to a safe place. In addition, the evacuation plan, and on ordinary days, is always an indispensable tool for people unfamiliar with the layout of this room.
- Well, the last fact of necessity this document is a statutory requirement.
And since the law requires, then these requirements must be met!
What is the evacuation plan?
So, an evacuation plan is, first of all, a document, the necessary diagrams that indicate all evacuation entrances and exits, and the procedure for people to behave in the event of an emergency.
An evacuation plan is developed when there are more than 10 people on the floor in the building at the same time. According to GOST R 12.2.143-2009 from July 1, 2010 plans evacuation must be only photoluminescent, i.e., be made of materials glowing in the dark. The glow period is 24 hours. The personnel evacuation plan itself should be in the most visible place and be available to all employees.
Can I download an evacuation plan for free?
Each room has an individual layout and an evacuation plan for each building, so taking someone else's plan is simply pointless, it still needs to be drawn again based on the BTI scheme of your room, observing the following rules:
What should be on the evacuation plan:
The evacuation plan contains two parts: graphic and text.
Graphic - this is a diagram of exit routes, the location of fire protection equipment, places in the building where evacuation plans are placed.
Text - includes all instructions on the rules of conduct for personnel in different situations, which regulates the procedure for the actions of employees.
What are evacuation plans?
Evacuation plans are storey, sectional, local and consolidated (general).
- For the entire floor, floor plans are being developed.
- You will need a section plan if the object / section covers an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 1000 square meters. m., if there are several separately located emergency exits on the floor and when the escape routes are complex.
- A local plan is required for rooms located separately (hotel rooms, hospital wards, ship cabins, etc.).
- Summary plans are kept by the duty officer and issued to the manager upon request.