The system of labor safety standards 2020 is a set of standards that are designed to eliminate risks, as well as preserve the life and health of an employee during work. We will tell you what standards are set, as well as which documents, depending on their hierarchy, the system of security standards includes.

What it is

The system of labor safety standards (SSBT) provides for a set of interconnected establishing documents that are designed not only to provide, but also to improve the working conditions for employees.

The goal pursued is to establish a set of standards and models that are aimed at developing and implementing a coherent policy in the field of labor safety.

SSBT does not cancel the effect of legal acts of various state bodies that contain requirements for labor protection. Moreover, the regulations of the authorities, which contain the rules in the area under consideration, must comply with the standards established by the SSBT.

The main provisions are defined in GOST "System of Labor Safety Standards" 12.0.001-2013. It fixes the terminology, explains the term SSBT. The norms in this area, approved by the authorities, must comply with the SSBT.

State standard 12.0.001-2013

The structure of the system of labor safety standards consists of conditions that determine:

• way to organize work;
• standardization conditions;
• types of dangerous and harmful production factors;
• list of requirements for buildings, structures, production processes, equipment.

SSBT is a single complex, which includes:

• state standards of the system of labor safety standards;
• industry documents;
• standards of enterprises and organizations.

Standards should be developed and agreed upon in a single certain order. The norms included in them are subject to use in various types of documentation, including technological, design, design format. All of them must have a group heading: "The system of labor safety standards."

General provisions

The SSBT was established in 1972, so the current rules are different from those in force a decade ago. At present, it includes about 400 documents and, among other things, establishes labor safety standards for workers.

Documents are developed, reviewed and agreed in accordance with a unified established order. The norms contained in the SSBT are subject to mandatory inclusion in the design, design, and technological documentation.

Modern SSBT provides that certain types documents must be used by employers.

Modern state standards

GOSTs are standards of a national and interstate character, the effect of which applies to the entire territory of the Russian Federation. They can be used by any business entity.

Occupational safety standards (including for 2020) have a number of common features:

• are approved by the State Standard of the Russian Federation;
• are used in the activities of all government agencies and economic entities in without fail;
• relate to the requirements to ensure the absence of cross-industry risks.

For ease of reading and searching, they are classified:

1. Title of the document (in this case- GOST).
2. Registration number - the number 12, which is the designation directly GOST (system of labor safety standards).
3. Subsystem code - a number with a dot from 0 to 4 that refers the document to a specific group.
4. State standard number in the subsystem, including numbers from 001 to 999.
5. Two-digit or four-digit number (indicates the year of publication or updating of the document).

For example, GOST 12.0.230-2007 on risk-free labor standards and requirements for labor protection management has the following interpretation:

• 12 - standards;
• 0 - designation of the cipher of the subsystem "Organizational and methodological standards";
• 230 - number in order in the subsystem;
• 2007 is the year of introduction.

The code of the system of labor safety standards includes numbers from 0 to 9. These numbers are included in the name of each document and have their own distribution:

Group code	Name
	Methodological and organizational state standards	Includes goals, objectives, methods of implementation and enforcement, terminology used, classification of hazardous and harmful factors, an algorithm for organizing labor, aimed at creating conditions without risks
	Requirements for dangerous and harmful production factors	Limit values ​​of parameters and characteristics dangerous factors, their control, employee protection algorithms
	Equipment reliability	Requirements for safe processes and their groups, execution control
	Process reliability	Conditions Concerning Classes, Species and Types protective equipment, protection control methods
	Employee protection equipment	Funds classification
	Requirements for the reliability of buildings and structures

Numbers 6-9 remain reserved (for example, code 8 of the system of labor safety standards remains free).

Thus, GOSTs are mandatory for use by all government agencies and business entities. Their use facilitates the maintenance of the required documentation, interaction with control and supervision authorities. In addition, it can become a clear advantage of the enterprise in terms of competition in the labor market.

Industry norms (OST)

OST reflect the specifics of the industry. They are developed and approved by the governing bodies of specific industries. They are characterized by a higher level of requirements (compared to state norms). OST regulates in detail the rules in a particular industry.

In each industry, organizations have been identified that coordinate the implementation of standards, develop documentation for the implementation of GOST conditions, analyze the results of implementation and optimize existing OSTs (for example, the labor safety standard “providing workers with flushing agents” was updated by the Ministry of Health in 2010).

OST, which is part of the SSBT, has a specific designation. It includes:

• index - OST;
• designation of the state body that developed the standard, in digital form;
• OST number in accordance with registration;
• year of approval.

For example, OST 51.81-82 “SSBT. LABOR SAFETY IN THE GAS INDUSTRY. BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS” was put into effect by the Order (Decree) of the Ministry of the Gas Industry dated March 23, 1982 No. MA-171.

OSTs are mandatory used in industry organizations, as well as in enterprises where industry products are used.

Norms of enterprises and organizations

This is the main part of the SSBT. Such documents should not repeat the contents of GOST and OST, since the enterprises develop mainly models of the subsystem "O" and "4":

• security without dangerous work at the enterprise;
• planning activities in the field of BT at the enterprise;
• training and instruction of employees;
• ensuring control;
• supervision of objects representing increased danger;
• security fire fighting measures and protection of workers in case of fire;
• organization of the provision, operation, care and maintenance of funds personal protection in production.

The norms of enterprises are developed by OSH specialists of a particular institution, based on the approved state and industry standards of SSBT. Standards of this type define the requirements for ensuring safe labor activity in a particular organization, taking into account the specifics of work, products, working conditions. The norms are mandatory for employees of a particular institution.

When developing standards in an organization, existing standards (GOSTs, OSTs) can be used. However, it is prohibited to lower the degree of ensuring the labor protection of employees.

You can create a standard in an organization in stages:

1. Study the conditions of work at the enterprise.
2. Determine the compliance of the norms of the standard with the existing conditions.
3. Coordinate the draft standard with the current trade union organization (if any).
4. Approve by local administrative act.

Norms are considered implemented in an organization only if all the standards established by them are applied.

Ask questions, and we will supplement the article with answers and explanations!

The system of labor safety standards (SSBT) is a structure that includes the main measures for organizing safe working conditions. It is considered part of the State Standards System. Formed on the basis of existing rules and instructions regarding safety and industrial sanitation.

What is the system of labor safety standards

SSBT is a set of interrelated standards, including norms and rules aimed at achieving these goals:

• Ensuring the safety of the staff.
• Maintaining the health and performance of workers.

The system of standards itself serves the following purposes:

• Ensuring uniformity in the regulation of labor safety, preventing disagreements and confusion.
• Finding and fixing problem areas.
• Reducing the impact on employees of a harmful environment.

Security requirements are standardized. Based on them, documentation related to security is formed. Standards are needed to establish the uniformity of rules and regulations. The latter should not be different for each organization, otherwise confusion is possible.

General provisions

The basic provisions for the system were originally contained in GOST 12.0.001-82. However, this worked normative act until June 1, 2014. Now GOST 12.0.001-2013 is relevant. There are rules set government bodies and there are standards. There must be a connection between them. Contradictions are not allowed.

The system includes the following standards:

• State (GOST).
• For companies (SRT).
• For enterprises (STP).
• Industry (OST).

All these standards have their own characteristics. Let's consider them.

State standards

Consider the main features of GOST:

• The standards are set by the State Standard of the Russian Federation.
• They are mandatory for use by all government agencies and business entities.
• They are formed in relation to safety standards that differ in cross-sectoral significance.

The structure of the system fixes section 2 of GOST 12.0.001-2013. GOST within the system has special designations:

• Index "GOST".
• 12 - system code.
• 0-4 - groups of standards according to the object of standardization ( state institutions, organizations, etc.).
• Three digits - the serial number of the standard included in any group.
• Two or four digits - the year the standard was adopted.

For example, GOST 12.3.002-2014. This designation includes the following elements:

• GOST - index.
• 12 - system code.
• 3 - standard group.
• 002 is the serial number of the standard.
• 2014 is the year in which the standard was adopted.

There is also the name of the standard. It includes these elements:

• Number.
• Category (for example, national or state standard).
• General title.
• The name of the standard.

Consider the main five groups of standards:

• 0 - organizational and methodological information (basics and terminology, classification).
• 1 - requirements for varieties of negative production factors (limits of various values, methods for tracking parameters, methods of protection).
• 2 – equipment requirements ( general rules, requirements for specific types of equipment, methods of control over the fulfillment of the requirement).
• 3 - requirements for production processes.
• 4 - requirements for protective equipment.

The standards in question are used by government entities.

Industry standards

Consider the main features of industry standards:

• Installed by the department in the related area economic activity.
• Safety standards for a specific industry are approved.
• Mandatory for use by all subjects of the industry and companies using the products of the industry in question.

The industry standard designation includes these elements:

• Index "OST".
• A numeric code identifying the agency in charge of the approval.
• Registration number.
• The year in which the standard was adopted.

For example, OST 68 12.0.05-87 “SSBT. The procedure for familiarization with labor safety rules”, approved by the Order of Roskartografiya No. 136-pr dated September 6, 2002.

Standards of enterprises and companies

The standards of enterprises and organizations are distinguished by these features:

• They are installed by labor protection specialists working in a particular organization or enterprise.
• Safety standards are approved taking into account the specifics of the activities of a particular enterprise: the nuances of labor organization, manufactured products, working conditions.
• The developed standards are mandatory for the entire staff of an enterprise or company.

These are local standards that do not apply to the entire industry, to other industries.

Features of the development of enterprise standards

Enterprise standards serve to clarify and concretize labor protection standards. This takes into account the conditions at a particular enterprise. Created local standards should not duplicate already existing norms because it doesn't make sense. It is necessary to clarify only what is not specified in existing regulations.

The following areas can be considered as objects of standardization on an enterprise scale:

• Organization of activities to create labor safety.
• BT work plan.
• Training and briefing of specialists responsible for BT.
• Control over BT, the procedure for control over objects with increased danger.
• Fire safety organization.
• Rules for the use of protective equipment, care for them.

Local standards for enterprises cannot be set for these areas:

• Types of dangerous and harmful factors of production.
• Equipment safety standards.
• Safety standards regarding technological processes.

All of these areas are standardized by state and industry standards.

When forming your own standards, you can take existing standards (state, industry) as a basis. However, the change cannot be made in the direction of reducing labor safety. It can only get tougher. Development is carried out in accordance with these stages:

1. Establishing the compliance of the norms of the standard standard with the conditions in a particular production. In particular, it is possible to clarify the deadlines for the implementation of a number of activities, responsible executors.
2. The draft standards are demonstrated at a technical meeting, at which a decision is made to approve the act.
3. The draft system of standards is agreed with the trade union, and then approved by the head of the subject.

New standards are considered implemented when they are used in accordance with the scope. All accepted requirements must be fulfilled. If they are not met, the standard is not considered implemented.

Compliance with accepted standards should be monitored. Supervisory activities are the responsibility of the territorial bodies of the State Standard and the technical inspection of trade unions. Control can be carried out by other state and non-state bodies.

NOTE! The system of standards began to operate in 1972. It is constantly tightened, as ideas about the level of labor safety change.

AT Russian Federation valid integrated system labor safety standards (SSBT) - its structure and purpose are designed to help both regulatory authorities, and workers and employers in the formation of uniform standards for labor protection. Every participant in labor relations should be aware of what is included in the system of labor safety standards in 2018.

Occupational safety standards system - what is it

Under the system of labor safety standards (SSBT) in Russia, two different aspects of labor activity and employer relationships are meant. First of all, this general meeting concerning the generally accepted standards for ensuring labor protection at the enterprise. But most often, SSBT means the state standard of the same name, which regulates most of the aspects of activity in matters of labor safety.

For the first time, SSBT found application in the field of labor protection back in 1972 during Soviet Union. Since then, the established state standards have repeatedly undergone various modifications. The main document regulating the system of labor safety standards in 2018 is GOST 12.0.001-2013, adopted in 2013 and still in force today.

The above state standard is international and is applied throughout the EurAsEC as the main one among members economic union, which simplifies international labor relations and business activities on the territory of the union states.

The system of labor safety standards in 2018 - types of standards

The legislation provides for the division of the established system of labor safety standards in 2018 into three main levels. Each of them contains its own separate documents and provisions to be taken into account when conducting business activities. The types of SSBT include:

The GOST system contains over 450 standards related to SSBT. Therefore, employers should be extremely attentive to the issues of ensuring labor protection at the enterprise and the principles of organizing this aspect of activity.

Is it mandatory to comply with the system of labor safety standards

The current SSBT assumes that a number of standards and documents are mandatory for Russian employers to familiarize themselves with them. At the same time, not all standards must necessarily be used in the conduct of business activities - the main provisions of the SSBT clarify that this system, in its basic principles, should not contradict the established standards federal law in matters of labor protection.

Thus, a full study of all aspects of the state system of standardization in matters of ensuring the safety of workers is not necessary for Russian employers. But the use of GOSTs can greatly simplify the maintenance of all necessary documentation, contacts with supervisory and supervisory authorities, and can also be a profitable competitive advantage of the organization in the labor market.

Classification of GOSTs SSBT - decoding of designations

Each of the GOSTs, which relate to issues of ensuring labor safety, has a strictly legally defined encryption procedure to simplify the search required documents and bringing them into a single and easy-to-use database. So, each of the norms belonging to the category under consideration consists of the following components:

• Title of the document. In this case, it is the designation "GOST" or "GOST R"
• Code of the group of standards. In relation to documents related to SSBT, the serial number of all of them begins with the number "12".
• Scope code for SSBT. In total, the SSBT contains five different groups of standards, each of which will be considered separately below.
• The serial number of the standard in the group. Three digits are allocated for it - from 001 to 999.
• The year the standard was adopted. It is indicated either by two digits - according to the last digits of the year of adoption, or directly by the full designation of the year of adoption of the standard.

The year of adoption of the standard does not always correspond to the year of its entry into force. So, many of the regulations are valid only after a year or even a year and a half.

Directly, the SSBT groups are divided as follows and use 5 digits:

State standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.0.006-2002
"System of labor safety standards. General requirements to the management of labor protection in the organization"
(adopted by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2002 N 221-st)

System of standards for labor safety. General requirements on occupational health and safety management in organization

1 area of ​​use

This International Standard specifies general requirements for the management of OSH activities in an organization.

The requirements contained in this International Standard are applicable to any organization, regardless of its legal form, that intends to:

Ensure implementation, operation and continual improvement;

Carry out certification of the labor protection management system;

Carry out self-assessment and self-declaration of compliance with the requirements of labor protection and this standard.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory for the organization's occupational health and safety management system.

3.5. Safe conditions labor- working conditions under which the impact on workers of harmful or hazardous production factors is excluded or the levels of their impact do not exceed the established standards.

3.6. Interested party- a person or group of persons interested in the effectiveness of labor protection or affected by it.

3.7. Competence is the demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills.

3.8. Nonconformity - any deviation from the standards, technical regulations, accepted practices and procedures for performing work, etc., which may lead directly or indirectly to an accident, material damage, deterioration in workplace conditions, or various combinations of these factors.

3.9. An incident is an event that leads or may lead to an accident.

3.10. Accident- undesirable event leading to lethal outcome worker injury or illness.

3.11. Organization of work on labor protection- a system of interrelated measures aimed at ensuring labor protection.

3.12. Occupational safety is a system for preserving the life and health of workers in the course of their work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

3.13. Efficiency- measurable results of the functioning of the labor protection management system related to the control and management of risks to the health and safety of personnel and based on the organization's labor protection policy, its goals and objectives.

3.14. Personnel health and safety risk- the likelihood and consequences of the occurrence of an event hazardous to the health and safety of personnel.

Note. As used in this International Standard, the term "risk" refers to a risk to the health and safety of personnel.

3.15. Certification of work on labor protection in organizations- activities of certification bodies accredited in in due course, to confirm the compliance of work on labor protection in the organization with state regulatory requirements for labor protection.

3.16. Occupational health and safety management system- part common system management (management) of the organization, ensuring the management of risks in the field of health and safety related to the activities of the organization.

Note. The system includes organizational structure, planning activities, distribution of responsibility, procedures, processes and resources for the development, implementation, achievement of goals, analysis of the effectiveness of the organization's labor protection policy and measures.

3.17. Means of individual and collective defense workers - technical means used to prevent or reduce exposure of workers to harmful or hazardous production factors, as well as to protect against pollution.

3.18. Safety- compliance of workplaces with labor safety requirements, excluding injury to workers under conditions established by regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

3.20. Working conditions - a combination of factors of the working environment and labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee.

4. Requirements for the labor protection management system

4.1. General requirements

4.1.1. organization leadership, responsible for labor protection, should ensure the development, implementation and operation of the labor protection management system in accordance with the established requirements.

4.1.2. When creating a labor protection management system, it is necessary to:

Determine the list of laws and other regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements labor protection applicable to the organization;

Identify labor safety factors arising from its past, present or planned activities in order to determine the most significant impacts on working conditions and labor protection;

Determine the organization's policy in the field of labor protection;

Define goals and objectives in the field of labor protection, set priorities;

Develop an organizational chart and program for the implementation of the policy and the achievement of its goals, the fulfillment of the tasks set.

4.2.3. The goals should be consistent with the policy in the field of labor protection, including the need for consistent improvement of working conditions and labor protection. When developing goals, state regulatory requirements for labor protection and other requirements, production risks, technological operations, production, functional, financial and other business requirements should be considered and taken into account.

OSH objectives should be set for each function and level of management within the organization.

Goals and objectives for labor protection should, if possible, be quantified.

4.3. Planning of working conditions and labor protection

4.3.1. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain procedures for identifying personnel health and safety hazards, assessing and controlling risks associated with its activities, products and services (including products and services of contractors) that the organization can control.

4.3.2. The organization must form and timely correct the list (register) of factors affecting labor protection, which it can control and which it can influence. The organization should set priorities, identify those factors that have or may have a significant impact on conditions and safety at work, and ensure that these factors are taken into account when setting occupational safety and health objectives. The organization should keep this information up to date.

4.3.3. The organization shall establish and maintain documented OSH goals and objectives for each department and level of management of the organization.

When setting and reviewing the goals and objectives for labor protection, the organization should take into account:

Requirements of legislative acts, state regulatory requirements and other labor protection requirements;

Important factors of labor protection, technological options, financial, operational and other needs of economic activity;

resource opportunities;

The organization's health and safety policy, including the obligation to prevent accidents and occupational diseases;

4.3.4. Program for the improvement of working conditions and labor protection

4.3.4.1. The management responsible for OSH in the organization should define and document a program to improve conditions and OSH, focusing on the following actions to implement OSH requirements:

Preparation of a program to improve working conditions and labor protection;

Determining and acquiring the necessary means of managing production processes, equipment (including computers, instrumentation), means of individual and collective protection of workers;

Explaining to employees the degree of compliance of workplaces with the established requirements of labor conditions and labor protection, as well as acquiring by employees the skills necessary to achieve the required level of labor safety;

Updating, if necessary, labor protection management methods and controls;

Clarification of prospective requirements for measurements in the field of labor protection, including an assessment of the possibilities of exceeding the current technical level, for their timely implementation;

Identification and control of harmful and dangerous production factors and work, in the presence of which a preliminary and periodic medical examination is necessary.

4.3.4.2. The occupational health and safety improvement program should be regularly reviewed at planned intervals. If necessary, the program should take into account changes in the activities of the organization (including changes in technological processes and equipment), changes in the services provided or operating conditions. Such a program should also include:

Distribution of responsibility for achieving goals and objectives, normative indicators of labor conditions and labor protection for each department and level of management in the organization;

Availability of necessary resources;

Means and terms in which the goals and objectives of the program must be achieved.

Note. The specified program for the improvement of working conditions and labor protection may contain references to the relevant documented methods that form an integral part.

5. Implementation and maintenance of the labor protection management system

5.1. Structure of work and distribution of responsibility

5.1.2. The organization must appoint a leader (special representative of management), who, regardless of other duties assigned to him, must be responsible and have the authority to:

Organizations for the development, implementation and operation of the labor protection management system in accordance with this standard;

Ensuring compliance with all regulatory requirements for labor protection at all workplaces and in all areas of the organization's activities;

Initiation of activities aimed at improving working conditions and labor protection, improving the labor protection management system, as well as preventing occupational diseases, accidents and accidents;

Identification and registration of any problems regarding working conditions and labor protection;

Verification of the implementation of the decisions made;

Regular reporting on the functioning of the labor protection management system in order to analyze and use it by the organization's management to improve the labor protection management system.

Note. The duties of a management representative may also include maintaining communication with state and public control over labor protection, other interested parties on the conditions and labor protection of the organization.

5.1.3. To ensure regulatory compliance and effective management Occupational safety should define and document the duties, responsibilities, powers of managers at various levels, persons managing, performing and inspecting work.

5.1.4. The management of the organization should determine the resource requirements for the management of occupational health and safety, ensure control over the use of resources, appoint trained personnel to perform work and checks, including internal audits of labor conditions and labor protection.

Note. Resources mean personnel with their special knowledge and experience, technical and financial resources.

5.1.5. In order to ensure compliance with labor protection requirements, to monitor their implementation, to organize cooperation between the management of the organization and employees (personnel) on labor protection in accordance with current legislation create labor protection services or appoint workers who (along with the main work) are assigned the duties of labor protection, and also create committees (commissions) for labor protection.

5.2. Certification of workplaces according to working conditions

The actual or potential consequences of its activities on occupational safety;

Understanding the responsibility for the compliance of his actions with the organization's policy in the field of labor protection, safety requirements and the labor protection management system, including the actions of the employee in emergency situations;

Possible consequences non-compliance with technological instructions.

5.3.4. In the process of training workers and testing their knowledge of labor protection, different levels of responsibility, required competence, risk (in the workplace) should be taken into account.

5.3.5. The labor protection service or the employee who is assigned (along with the main job) the duties of labor protection must:

Familiarize employees with the state of labor protection in the organization, including labor protection and safety, conduct an introductory briefing;

Conduct primary, repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefings with employees;

Involve employees in the development and review of risk management policies and practices in the organization.

5.4. Hazard identification, risk assessment, management and control

5.4.1. Key points

The organization shall develop, implement and maintain established (documented) procedures to ensure:

a) hazard identification;

b) risk assessment;

c) regulation and control of risk;

d) regular assessment of the need for the actions listed in paragraphs. "a" - "c".

5.4.2. Hazard identification

Hazard identification in the workplace should consider:

a) situations, events, combinations of circumstances that could potentially lead to injury or illness to an employee;

b) the causes of a potential disease associated with the work performed, product or service;

c) information about previous injuries, illnesses or incidents.

Process hazard identification should include consideration of:

a) organization of work, management of their implementation;

b) design of workplaces, technological processes, equipment;

c) installation, operation, maintenance, repair of equipment (premises);

d) purchased goods and services.

All risks associated with each of the identified hazards should be assessed and prioritized by regulation and control based on the assessed levels of risk.

Both normal operating conditions and cases of deviations in work associated with incidents and possible emergency situations should be evaluated.

Evaluation is subject to current, past and future activities.

Risks that are recognized as unacceptable should be used as a basis for developing goals and objectives in the field of labor protection.

5.4.4. Risk regulation and control

All identified risks are subject to regulation and control, taking into account the priorities of the measures applied.

Risk management and control measures include:

Exclusion of dangerous work (procedures);

Replacing a dangerous procedure;

Engineering methods of control (diagnostics);

Administrative methods of control;

When performing work with a high level of risk, written permissions for such work should be given.

5.5. Preparedness for emergencies

5.5.1. The organization should develop and provide practical use methods for identifying the possibility of emergencies, as well as methods for responding to them by preventing or mitigating their consequences, reducing accidents and morbidity at work associated with the consequences of accidents.

5.5.2. The organization must have action plans for personnel in possible emergency situations, elimination of their consequences.

5.5.3. The organization should analyze and adjust (if necessary) plans and measures for preparedness for emergency situations, their prevention and elimination of consequences. The organization should also periodically review the practical readiness of personnel to deal with emergencies.

5.6. Transfer and exchange of information

5.7. Documentation of the labor protection management system

5.7.1. The organization shall develop and maintain records (on paper media or in in electronic format), which establishes and describes the main procedures of the labor protection management system in their interaction.

Notes: 1. Documentation may include a management-approved regulation or other normative document for the management of labor protection.

2. It is important that documentation be kept to the minimum necessary for its effective use.

5.7.2. Documentation should be legible, easily identifiable, accompanied by an indication of the effective date and expiration date. Documentation must be kept in booked form for due date. Methods and responsibilities regarding the development and updating of documents should be established. different kind. These methods should be corrected in a timely manner.

5.7.3. The organization shall establish and maintain methods for document control and data control required by this International Standard so that:

Documents were periodically analyzed, if necessary, corrected and re-approved by authorized persons;

Copies of recorded documents and accepted data are available in all places where their use is essential for the effective functioning of the labor protection management system;

Canceled documents and data, respectively, were removed from all places of their storage, distribution and use or protected in some other way that excludes their unintended use;

Archived documents and data related to legally regulated requirements were kept in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulations or to preserve the accumulated information. At the same time, obsolete documents and data should be marked accordingly.

5.8. Management of production and technological operations

The organization shall determine those operations and activities that are associated with identified safety hazards and factors consistent with its safety policy and objectives. The organization shall plan for these activities, including Maintenance, operation and repair of equipment, in order to ensure that the relevant regulatory requirements for labor protection are met by:

Establishing and ensuring the implementation of procedures aimed at eliminating deviations from the organization's policy, goals and objectives in the field of labor protection;

Fulfillment of established functional criteria (regulatory requirements) for processes;

Establishing and ensuring the use of methods for identifying risks associated with the operation of equipment, raw materials used, components, services received and used by the organization, and informing suppliers and contractors of the relevant requirements;

Development and use of design methods for equipping workplaces, production processes, equipment, taking into account the requirements of ergonomics, ensuring the elimination or reduction of production risk directly at the place of its manifestation.

6. Monitoring the effectiveness of labor protection

6.1. Methods for periodic assessment of the state of labor protection

6.1.1. The organization must establish and timely adjust methods for periodically assessing the compliance of the state of labor protection with current legislation, state regulatory requirements for labor protection.

6.1.2. The organization shall develop and maintain processes for regularly monitoring, measuring and recording the performance of operations that may affect working conditions. These processes should include:

Carrying out the necessary qualitative and quantitative assessments in accordance with the established requirements, the goals of the organization in the field of labor protection;

Measuring the results of compliance with established criteria (normative indicators) of functioning and state regulatory requirements for labor protection;

Registration of data and results of control and measurements sufficient for subsequent analysis of the results of operational control over compliance with the objectives of labor protection and development of the necessary corrective and preventive actions;

Employee health surveys.

Note. In cases specified by law, monitoring and recording of data on the health of workers exposed to certain hazards should be provided.

6.1.3. The organization must have data on the regulatory requirements for verification of equipment and control and measurement equipment and ensure timely maintenance and verification of these tools. A record of the verifications carried out should be recorded and kept.

6.2. Nonconformities, verification, corrective and preventive actions

6.2.1. The organization should establish and timely correct methods for identifying and analyzing nonconformities, taking measures to mitigate the consequences of their manifestation, as well as for initiating and implementing verification, corrective and preventive actions. Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes of actual or potential nonconformity should be commensurate with the identified level of impact on working conditions and labor protection.

6.2.2. The organization shall update documented methods associated with verification, corrective and preventive actions in a timely manner and record these actions.

Compulsory social insurance of employees against industrial accidents and occupational diseases.

6.3.2. The organization shall record all changes to the documentation due to corrective and preventive actions taken.

6.4. Records and records management

6.4.1. The organization shall develop and maintain methods for maintaining occupational health and safety records, including information on the training and instruction of workers, on the results internal audits labor protection, the results of the analysis by the management of the labor protection management system.

6.4.2. OSH records must be clear, defined, reflecting all activities of the organization, accessible and protected from damage, destruction, and must be retained for a specified period. The retention periods must be indicated on the documents containing the records.

6.4.3. Records should be updated and retained in the manner specified by the organization to review and confirm that the state of health and safety management is in compliance with the requirements of this International Standard.

6.5. Internal audits of the labor protection management system

6.5.1. The organization should develop and timely update plans and methods for conducting internal audits of the labor protection management system.

6.5.2. Internal audits of the labor protection management system are carried out for:

Determination of the presence in the organization of a functioning labor protection management system, determination of the compliance of the labor protection management system with the requirements of this standard, the provisions of the labor protection policy;

Determining the quality of the functioning of the labor protection management system, assessing the effectiveness of achieving goals, fulfilling tasks (measures) for labor protection, the timeliness of their adjustment;

Reviewing and taking into account the results of previous internal audits of the labor protection management system;

Presentation of information on the results of internal audits of the labor protection management system to the management of the organization.

6.5.3. The plan for conducting internal audits of the occupational safety and health management system should be based on the results of an occupational risk assessment and the results of previous internal audits labor protection management systems.

The methods of internal audits of the labor protection management system must comply with the requirements for their conduct, purpose, frequency, skill level and competence of the persons performing the audit.

6.5.4. According to the results of internal audits of the labor protection management system, reports are drawn up.

6.5.5. Internal audits of the occupational safety and health management system, where possible, are carried out by persons who are not directly responsible for labor protection and are not dependent on the activity being audited.

Note. The term "independent" does not necessarily mean external to the organization.

6.6. State and public control over compliance with labor protection requirements

6.6.1. State supervision and control over compliance with labor protection requirements is carried out by the federal labor inspectorate in accordance with the law.

6.6.2. public control for the observance of rights and legitimate interests workers in the field of labor protection carry out trade unions and other authorized employees representative bodies.

7. Consideration (analysis) by the management of the organization of the functioning of the labor protection management system

7.1. The management of the organization (employer), who is responsible for labor protection in the organization, should analyze the functioning of the labor protection management system at certain intervals in order to ensure its effectiveness, compliance with the requirements of this standard, as well as ensure the implementation of the adopted policy in the field of labor protection.

7.2. The system review process should be based on the assurance that all the necessary information has been collected and allows management to make an objective assessment of the system. The results of the system analysis should be documented.

7.3. The results of the system analysis are used to make the necessary changes in the policy, goals and objectives in the management of labor protection, taking into account the data of internal audits of the labor protection management system, changes in external circumstances and the requirements for consistent improvement of the system.

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TEST

in the discipline "Life safety"

on the topic: "The system of labor safety standards"

Kazan-2010

Introduction________________________________________________________________3

1. General concepts system of labor safety standards ________________5

2. The structure of the system of labor safety standards ____________________9

3. Objects of the system of labor safety standards _____________________11

Conclusion ____________________________________________________________ 13

List of references ___________________________________14

INTRODUCTION

Occupational safety standards are documents in which, for the purpose of voluntary reuse, product safety characteristics, rules for safe implementation and characteristics of production processes, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal, performance of work or provision of services are established, as well as requirements for terminology, symbols, packaging, labeling and rules for its application.

Regulatory documents on standardization, including on labor safety, are valid on the territory of the Russian Federation in the manner and under the conditions established by the current legislation of the Russian Federation, including the requirements of the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation". TO regulatory documents standardization includes:

1) state standards of the Russian Federation, international standards, rules, norms and recommendations for standardization applied in the prescribed manner, all-Russian classifiers technical and economic information;

2) standards of organizations, scientific, technical and engineering societies, other public associations.

In accordance with the List of types of regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection, approved resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2000 No. 399, the system of regulatory legal acts containing state regulatory requirements for labor protection includes standards that form a system of labor safety standards (GOST R SSBT), developed and approved in accordance with general order, established by the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization (currently federal agency on technical regulation and metrology).

Normative and technical documentation on labor protection is divided into labor safety standards (state - GOST, industry - OST, republican - PCT, enterprises - STP); building codes and regulations (SNiP); sanitary norms and rules (SN); safety regulations and industrial sanitation; instructions, guidelines and guiding technical materials; provisions, instructions, directive and methodical letters.

1. General concepts of the system of labor safety standards

A significant place among the rules and norms is occupied by the system of labor safety standards (SSBT). SSBT is a set of interrelated standards aimed at ensuring labor safety.

The SSBT was developed in accordance with the Decree of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on Science and Technology and the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions No. state system standardization. The date of the introduction of the system of labor safety standards was already the distant 1983. At that time, its main goal was to ensure the safety of workers. In general, the SSBT was created with the aim of streamlining the normative and technical documentation in the field of labor safety, and its task was to establish general requirements and norms for the types of hazardous and harmful production factors, general safety requirements for production equipment and production processes, for means of protecting workers, methods for assessing labor safety.

To date, SSBT is a set of interrelated standards containing requirements, norms and rules aimed at ensuring safety, maintaining human health and performance in the labor process, except for issues regulated by labor legislation.

This standard establishes the goals, objectives and structure of the Occupational Safety Standards System (hereinafter - SSBT), as well as the objects of standardization.

The standard complies with ST SEV 829 in terms of paragraphs. 1.1, 1.4, 2.1 and sec. 3.

The designation of the state standard SSBT consists of an index (GOST), registration number, the first two digits of which (12) determine whether the standard belongs to the SSBT complex, the next digit with a dot indicates the standard group and the next three digits indicate the serial number of the standard in the group. A dash indicates the year the standard was approved.

Examples: GOST 12.1.025, GOST 12.2.046.0, GOST 12.3.036, GOST 12.4.031.

The structure of the designation of SSBT standards is as follows: first, the GOST index is given, then the standard class, then the grouping code and serial number in the grouping, and the year of registration is put at the end.

Let's look at a few examples. “System of labor safety standards. Educational laboratory works. General safety requirements”. GOST 12.4.113-82 means the following: name-index according to GOST, 12-class standard, 4-grouping code, 113-serial number in the grouping, 82-the last two digits of the year of registration.

SSBT standards should have a group heading: "System of Occupational Safety Standards".

The procedure for implementing SSBT standards is based on the instructions of GOST. 1.20-69 “Procedure for the implementation of state standards. Basic Provisions".

Monitoring compliance and implementation of standards is carried out by territorial bodies Gosstandart together with the technical labor inspectorate of trade unions, as well as ministries and departments.

Occupational safety standards do not cancel the operation of norms and rules approved by state supervision bodies.

important regulatory documentation but labor protection are sanitary norms (SN) and building norms to rules (SNiP), containing requirements for sanitary and hygienic working conditions, technological processes, maintenance and arrangement of enterprises and institutions. Compliance with sanitary standards, as well as other regulations on labor protection, is mandatory, as it ensures the normal functioning of a person in the labor process. The main regulatory requirements are given in the following building codes and rules: CH 245-71. Sanitary standards design industrial enterprises; SNiP II-4-79. Natural and artificial lighting; SNiP II-68-78. Design standards. higher educational establishments; SNiP 2. 01.02-85. Fire safety standards for the design of buildings and structures; SNiP 2. 04.05-86. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning; SNiP II-64-80. Baby preschool institutions; VSN 50-86. General education schools and boarding schools; CH 1042-75. Sanitary regulations organization of technological processes and hygiene requirements to production equipment Rules for the installation of electrical installations of consumers. The safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations were approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy on December 21, 1984).

In accordance with the intersectoral and sectoral rules on labor protection, ministries and departments, in agreement with the Central Committee of the relevant trade unions, develop and approve sample instructions on labor protection. They serve as the basis for instructions for employees developed by the administration of the institution (at its direction by the immediate supervisors of the work) and approved by the head of the institution (the enterprise together with the trade union committee. The instructions are periodically reviewed, they are made the necessary changes.

In relation to a school, local instructions may be school-wide (for example, instructions for using film equipment) or intended for a separate workshop (instructions at the workplace when working on a drilling machine, etc.). A special type of school-wide instruction is a plan for the evacuation of people and property in case of fire.

Instructions for workers usually consist of (how many parts: general labor safety requirements; requirements for the trainee before starting work, during work and after it; safety requirements in emergency situations.

The safety instructions set out specific rules for safe work, for example, on machine tools, an electric welder, when manually working wood, when operating electrical installations up to 1000 V in schools, etc.

Instructions, rules and regulations on safety and industrial sanitation are the main guide for workers. They serve as the main tool for instructing on safe techniques and methods of performing work, the behavior of workers in a production environment.

To prevent injuries and diseases, Art. 62 Fundamentals obliges workers and employees to comply with labor protection instructions. Injury prevention largely depends on the quality and completeness of the instructions and on their observance.

2. The structure of the system of labor safety standards

SSBT includes the groups shown in the table.

Group code	Group name
	Organizational and methodological standards
	Standards of requirements and norms for types of hazardous and harmful production factors
	Standards for safety requirements for production equipment
	Standards for safety requirements for production processes
	Standards for requirements for protective equipment for workers

Group "0" standards establish:

1. organizational and methodological foundations of standardization in the field of labor safety (goals, objectives and structure of the system, implementation and monitoring of compliance with SSBT standards, terminology in the field of labor safety, classification of hazardous and harmful production factors, etc.);

2. requirements (rules) for the organization of work aimed at ensuring labor safety (training workers in labor safety, certification of personnel, methods for assessing the state of labor safety, etc.).

Group "1" standards establish:

1. requirements for the types of hazardous and harmful production factors, the maximum allowable values ​​of their parameters and characteristics;

2. methods of control of normalized parameters and characteristics of hazardous and harmful production factors;

3. methods of protecting workers from dangerous and harmful production factors.

Group "2" standards establish:

1. general safety requirements for production equipment;

2. safety requirements for individual groups(types) of production equipment;

Group "3" standards establish:

1. general safety requirements for production processes;

2. safety requirements for individual groups (types) of technological processes;

3. methods of monitoring the implementation of security requirements.

Group "4" standards establish:

1. requirements for individual classes, types and types of protective equipment;

2. methods of control and evaluation of protective equipment;

3. classification of means of protection.

SSBT standards of groups 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 are state (republican) standards. In the group of standards "0" it is allowed to develop enterprise standards.

The final versions of draft state (republican) SSBT standards are subject to approval in accordance with GOST 1.2. The final version of the standards of enterprises on labor safety must be agreed with the trade union committee of the enterprise (association) and the institution of the sanitary and epidemiological service, which serves the enterprise.

3. Objects of the system of labor safety standards

The objects of SSBT standardization are rules, norms and requirements aimed at ensuring labor safety:

1) the main provisions of the system of labor safety standards;

2) metrological assurance of labor safety;

3) classification of hazardous and harmful production factors;

4) terms and definitions of basic concepts in the field of labor safety;

5) general safety requirements for the types of hazardous and harmful production factors (general requirements for electrical safety, fire and explosion safety, etc.), as well as methods for protecting workers from these factors;

6) methods of control of normalized parameters of dangerous and harmful production factors;

7) maximum permissible values ​​of the parameters of dangerous and harmful production factors.

Note. The maximum permissible values ​​for the parameters of hazardous and harmful production factors at workplaces are established in the SSBT standards according to the norms proposed by the USSR Ministry of Health, and are not subject to agreement with ministries and departments;

8) general safety requirements for production equipment and groups of production equipment, as well as methods for monitoring and evaluating compliance with safety requirements;

9) general safety requirements for complexes of production equipment operating in automatic and / or semi-automatic modes, and control methods;

10) general safety requirements for production processes and types of technological processes, as well as methods for monitoring compliance with safety requirements;

11) classification of protective equipment for workers;

12) general technical requirements to classes and types of protective equipment for workers;

13) methods for monitoring and evaluating the protective and hygienic properties of protective equipment for workers;

14) nomenclature of quality indicators of classes and types of protective equipment for workers;

15) general requirements for the labeling of protective equipment for workers;

16) requirements for colors and safety signs.

CONCLUSION

In accordance with Art. 211 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the state regulatory requirements of OT are mandatory for legal entities and individuals when they carry out any type of activity, including the design, construction (reconstruction) and operation of facilities, the design of machines, mechanisms and other equipment, the development of technological processes, the organization of production and labor. At the same time, after the entry into force of Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 "On Technical Regulation", in accordance with the decisions of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization, the provisions of the standards of the SBT system that continue to be in force are of a mandatory regulatory nature to the extent that they correspond to the goals and objectives of the legislation on technical regulation, namely the goals:

1. protection of life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property,

2. guard environment, life or health of animals and plants,

3. prevention of actions that mislead purchasers.

Information about changes in the standards is published in the prescribed manner in the information index "National Standards" published annually by the national standardization body of the Russian Federation, and the text of changes and amendments - in the information indexes "National Standards" published monthly by it, as well as in information system common use- on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet.

List of used literature

1. Life safety. / ed. E.A. Arustamov. - M.: Unity, 2006

2. Belov S.V., Morozova L.L., Sivkov V.P. Life safety. - M .: Higher school, 2001.

3. Shevchenko N.G. Fundamentals of life safety. – M.: Infra-M, 2004