Study of fires analysis of fires. Guidelines for the analysis of fires in the subdivisions of the Federal Fire Service of the Siberian Federal District

I approve

Chief military expert

Colonel General

1. General Provisions

1.1. The study of fires is one of the main conditions for improving the organization of fire fighting and conducting emergency rescue operations (hereinafter referred to as fire fighting), improving the level of readiness of units fire brigade and training of their personnel.

1.2. Fire research includes:

Fire research;

Drawing up a card of actions of the fire department to extinguish a fire or a description of a fire;

Analysis of the fire.

1.3. Each fire subject to statistical accounting is subject to investigation, regardless of the number of forces and means working to extinguish it and the amount of damage caused.

1.4. Investigation of fires is entrusted to the most trained officials territorial bodies Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs civil defense, emergencies and aftermath natural Disasters(hereinafter - EMERCOM of Russia) and fire departments.

1.5. If necessary, specialists from scientific research and educational institutions Russian Emergency Situations Ministry.

1.6. Responsibility for the timeliness, completeness and objectivity of the study of fires is borne by the heads of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the fire departments, by whose forces the study of fires was carried out.

2. Fire investigation

2.1. Fire investigation begins from the moment the fire occurs. The first and subsequent RTP, as well as other officials, participating in fire extinguishing, must take measures, as far as possible, to preserve and timely withdraw physical evidence, obtain information from eyewitnesses of the fire, etc.

2.2. The purpose of the fire investigation is:

Determine the location and cause of the fire;

To study the process of fire development, the causes and conditions that contributed to the spread dangerous factors fire, the behavior of the structural elements of the building (structure) and production equipment, as well as various substances and materials in a fire;

Analyze the causes that led to the death and injury of people, causing material damage;

Evaluate the efficiency of fire detection and warning systems, smoke removal, as well as fire extinguishing installations;

Evaluation of the actions of the units involved in extinguishing the fire, the effectiveness of the use of fire and rescue equipment.

2.3. Fire investigation work is carried out by:

Obtaining information from persons who discovered a fire and reported it to the fire brigade, as well as from participants in extinguishing a fire;

Study of radio and telephone conversations of participants in fire extinguishing and on-duty dispatch services of forces and means involved in extinguishing fires;

Detailed inspection of the fire site with the necessary measurements, photography, drawing up plans;

Studies on drawings (diagrams) and in a real environment building structures, the state of escape routes in the fire-damaged building (structure), technological process production, state fire water supply, stationary extinguishing means, signaling, means of communication, entrances and driveways, carrying out analytical and experimental studies.

3. Action card of the fire department

For extinguishing a fire

3.1. The card of actions of the fire department to extinguish a fire (hereinafter referred to as the card) is compiled based on the results of a study of a fire, the loss from which amounted to less than 3420 minimum wages (hereinafter referred to as the minimum wage), if it meets one or more of the following criteria, namely:

In the fire, there were cases of death of people (from 1 to 4 people), including employees (workers) of the fire department;

In the fire, there were cases of injury to people (from 1 to 9 people), including employees (workers) of the fire department.

3.2. By decision of the head of the fire department or the head of the management body of fire departments, cards can be drawn up for fires that are of practical interest for study and do not meet the criteria specified in paragraph 3.1 of these guidelines.

3.3. The card is drawn up within a period of not more than 5 days from the date of the elimination of the fire, within a period of not more than 10 days from the date of compilation, it is studied with the personnel of all fire departments involved in extinguishing the fire.

3.4. Registration and filling of the card is carried out in accordance with the form specified in Appendix No. 1. Answers to the questions posed in the card must be reliable, short and comprehensive.

3.5. Attached to the card are plans-schemes for the alignment of forces and means at the time of the arrival of the first fire department and at the time of localization of the fire.

4. Description of the fire

4.1. General requirements to write a description of the fire

To extinguish the fire, forces and means were involved in increased numbers (ranks) of the call;

The loss from the fire amounted to 3420 minimum wages and more;

5 or more people died in the fire, including employees (workers) of the fire department;

10 or more people were injured in the fire, including employees (workers) of the fire department.

4.1.2. Fires that fall under the criteria specified in paragraph 4.1.1 of these guidelines (large fires) are studied by the heads and employees of the territorial bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia.

4.1.3. By decision of the EMERCOM of Russia or the head of the territorial body of the EMERCOM of Russia, a description can be drawn up for any fire, the study of which is of practical or scientific interest.

4.1.4. The description is drawn up within a period of not more than 30 days from the moment the fire was extinguished, signed by the persons who investigated the fire, and approved by the head of the territorial body of the EMERCOM of Russia.

4.1.5. The description is studied with the commanding staff of the territorial bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia and the personnel of the fire department no later than 90 days from the date of compilation.

4.1.6. The description is compiled in the required number of copies, printed and electronic copies of the description are sent to the relevant regional center for civil defense, emergency situations and disaster management and to the Russian Emergencies Ministry (through the Department of Fire and Rescue Forces, Special Fire Protection and Civil Defense Forces). 4.1.7. The description consists of a text part and appendices.

4.2. Requirements for compiling the text part

Descriptions of the fire

4.2.1. When compiling the text part of the description, you must:

Include information about the events that preceded the fire and occurred during the extinguishing of the fire, only after a thorough check of their reliability;

Give a detailed analysis of the actions of all fire departments and their leaders involved in extinguishing a fire, participants in extinguishing a fire, as well as the conditions that led to the development of a fire to a large size;

Cover in detail the use of new methods, methods and means of extinguishing, the intensity of the supply extinguishing agents, behavior of structures, etc.;

Reflect the operational and tactical characteristics of the organization (object);

Draw up conclusions and proposals in such a way that the leadership of the fire department can develop measures to improve preventive work and organize fire extinguishing;

A table of the main indicators of the concentration of forces and means for the development and extinguishing of fires, as well as a combined graph of the growth (in time) of the fire area and the total consumption of fire extinguishing agents, should be compiled after a thorough analysis and verification of digital data.

4.2.2. The text part of the description should contain the following information:

4.2.2.1. Common data:

Address, name and affiliation of the organization (object) where the fire occurred, the date of its construction, reconstruction;

The purpose of the building (structure, premises), nature production process at the time of the fire;

Substances and materials circulating (stored) in this production, their characteristics, quantity and magnitude of the fire load at the time of the fire;

Characteristics and conditions of the work (measures) being carried out, which could cause a fire;

The presence of signs of emergency operation of apparatus and equipment at the time of the fire.

4.2.2.2. Construction and design features of the building (structures, premises) related to the features of development, extinguishing and the consequences of a fire:

Number of floors, total height, dimensions in plan, floor layout, the presence of basements, an attic and a technical floor, their layout, what was in them; material and construction of external and internal capital walls, columns, supports, partitions; basement, interfloor and attic floors; internal and external stairs; trusses, rafters, purlins, lathing, roofing; fire zones (compartments), walls and doors; the presence and condition of escape routes, external and smoke-free stairs; heating, lighting, ventilation systems, their availability, design features and technical condition;

The presence of shafts, openings, communications, underground space and other openings connecting floors and rooms, their number, dimensions in the plan, the impact on the development and extinguishing of a fire;

Distance to neighboring buildings (structures, installations), the degree of fire resistance of the latter, the impact on the development and extinguishing of a fire;

Other construction and structural data related to the cause of the fire, the spread of fire and smoke, saving people, carrying out fire extinguishing work.

4.2.2.3. Condition of electrical networks, electrical installations and gas facilities:

Compliance of cable lines, electrical wiring, electrical networks and electrical equipment to the rules for the installation of electrical installations;

Correct laying of cable lines, installation of electrical wiring and electrical networks, their technical condition;

Availability, type and condition of lightning protection devices;

Availability, type and condition of ESD protection devices;

Compliance of cable lines, electrical wiring, electrical networks, electrical installations regulatory requirements fire safety;

The presence and condition of the gas facilities, its compliance with the requirements of fire safety standards;

The presence of other installations and equipment that influenced the development and extinguishing of the fire.

4.2.2.4. Fire water supply status:

Availability and type of fire water supply;

Fire reservoirs, their capacity, availability of entrances, piers and devices for taking water from them;

Water pipeline, its type (internal or external, ring or dead end), diameter;

The nearest water sources, the possibility of their use for fire extinguishing purposes, the distance from them to the place of fire;

The condition of hydrants and entrances to them before the fire, the date of their last check for water loss;

Pressure in the water supply system and the procedure for its increase in case of fire, practical water loss water networks(date and results of the last check);

Availability and completeness of internal fire hydrants, the effectiveness of their use;

Compliance of fire water supply with regulatory requirements for fire safety.

4.2.2.5. Means of detection, extinguishing, smoke removal and fire warning:

Availability, type and condition of installations for detecting and notifying about a fire, extinguishing fires, means of warning people about a fire, their role in timely notification of a fire;

Availability, type and condition of smoke exhaust systems, their operation in fire conditions;

Availability of primary fire extinguishing equipment, their use in case of fire.

4.2.2.6. Characteristics of fire departments:

Information about the fire departments stationed in locality(rural area);

The existing procedure for organizing the work of fire departments and their governing bodies;

The number of personnel and staffing of duty guards (shifts) of fire departments;

The number and type of basic and special fire equipment, which is in service with fire departments, its staffing and serviceability;

Funds personal protection respiratory organs, which are in service with fire departments;

Type of fire protection guarding the organization (object), settlement, distance to the place of fire;

The state of readiness of fire departments to perform tasks for their intended purpose, control over the organization of the service;

Concentration of forces and means at the fire site in accordance with the Schedule of departures of fire departments, fire department garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations and the Plan for attracting forces and means of fire departments, fire department garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations ;

The number of forces and means involved in extinguishing a fire in an organization (facility) by automatic call number;

The total number of forces and means involved in extinguishing a fire in an organization (facility) by the maximum call number;

Availability of a fire extinguishing plan or card for an organization (object), the correspondence of the data indicated in them to the real situation, the frequency of their adjustment, the degree of use and the role of these documents during fire extinguishing;

Other types of units performing fire extinguishing tasks, the number of shifts on duty, their technical equipment and quality of service;

Cases of fires in the organization (object) earlier, their causes and measures taken on them.

4.2.2.7. The course of extinguishing, management of fire extinguishing (all processes, changes and events occurring on a fire must be strictly recorded in time):

Date, time of occurrence, detection of fire;

Conditions for detecting a fire, the method and time of reporting a fire to the fire department, organizing a meeting of fire departments;

The actions of persons who discovered the fire, as well as the measures they took to save people, property and extinguish the fire, the effectiveness of these measures;

Actions of dispatchers on duty (radio telephone operators) of the duty dispatch services involved, the clarity of their work in receiving messages about a fire and sending forces and means to a fire in accordance with the Schedule of departures of fire departments, fire protection garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations, the Plan attracting the forces and means of fire departments, fire garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations and instructions (agreements) on interaction;

The time of arrival of the first fire department, the situation on the fire at that moment (threat to people, danger of explosion, collapse, poisoning with emergency chemical hazardous substances, fire area, nature and features of its development);

The actions of the first and subsequent RTP to assess the current situation, reconnaissance of the fire, the choice of the decisive direction of extinguishing the fire, calling additional forces and means of the fire department and other participants in the fire extinguishing, the alignment and forces and means of fire extinguishing, the regrouping of forces and means in the course of extinguishing the fire ( its purpose and necessity);

Carrying out rescue and evacuation measures, the principle of choosing fire extinguishing agents and methods of their supply for extinguishing a fire, the use of special and auxiliary equipment, collecting information about a fire, etc .;

Compliance of the actions of the operational firefighting headquarters with the guidelines of the EMERCOM of Russia;

Interaction of the RTP and the firefighting operational headquarters with the life support services of the organization (facility), settlement (district), involvement of the population in extinguishing the fire, etc.;

The correctness and efficiency of the use of forces and means involved in extinguishing a fire;

The manifestation of courage, courage and dedication in extinguishing a fire, rescuing people, material assets and property from fire by employees (workers) of the fire department, other persons;

Measures to save people, animals, equipment and property, the circumstances of the death of people and animals;

Circumstances of death and injury of people (animals);

Information on the use of new techniques and methods for rescuing people and extinguishing a fire, their effectiveness;

The number of personnel involved in extinguishing the fire of the fire departments and the number of equipment used by them, other participants in extinguishing the fire. Implementation of the tactical capabilities of the forces and means of the fire departments.

4.2.2.8. Circumstances that contributed to the development of the fire:

Late detection of a fire and untimely reporting of it to the fire brigade;

Lack of water sources, lack of water and other fire extinguishing agents;

Unsatisfactory fire-fighting condition of the organization (facility) at the time of the fire (according to the identified shortcomings);

Untimely arrival of fire departments (late collection and departure on alarm, ignorance of the departure area, route and organization (object), poor condition of roads (road surface) and congestion with their transport, malfunction of fire equipment, as well as its absence at the place of deployment with an explanation reasons for absence);

Insufficient number of basic and special fire vehicles, their use is not at full capacity, unsatisfactory technical condition of fire vehicles, their lack of staffing fire fighting equipment and equipment;

Errors of the first and subsequent RTP, the operational headquarters in organizing fire extinguishing, managing forces and means;

Influence meteorological conditions(high or low temperatures, wind, its direction and speed, etc.) and the degree of their impact on the outcome of fire extinguishing;

The presence of flammable, combustible, explosive, poisonous and radioactive substances;

Lack of documents for preliminary planning of actions to extinguish fires or their non-use by fire departments (administration, employees (employees) of the organization (facility));

Failure by officials of the fire protection (administration of the organization (facility)) of the requirements of regulatory legal acts on the organization of fire extinguishing;

The absence or remoteness of the location of fire departments;

The small number of fire departments.

4.2.2.9. Fire consequences:

Information about people injured in the fire (death and injuries) and dead animals;

The number and area of property, buildings, etc. burned, damaged or damaged by fire and smoke;

The number (area) of destroyed, opened and dismantled structures of the building (structure) during a fire;

The degree of damage to the building (structure, vehicle) and the possibility of its subsequent restoration;

Damage from fire as a whole and separately for buildings (structures), machinery and equipment, inventory, inventory, raw materials and finished products;

The degree of influence of the fire on the further production process (the work of the organization, (object)) and output;

Information about rescued people and animals, saved buildings and structures, machines, equipment, inventory, raw materials, finished products and other material assets;

The cause of the fire (if established or suspected) and the alleged perpetrators;

Information about those killed in the fire (full name, age).

4.2.2.10. Fire measures taken:

Initiation of a criminal case, its number, under what article, who is held accountable or is involved in the case as a suspect;

The presence of a decision to refuse to initiate a criminal case.

4.2.2.11. Conclusions and suggestions on fire:

The main reasons that led to the emergence and development of a fire to a large size;

A list of measures to further eliminate the possibility of the occurrence and development of such fires;

Ways and means of eliminating the deficiencies identified in the course of the study (research) of the fire in the activities of the fire department;

Other proposals of persons involved in the study of the fire.

4.2.3. Adhering to the recommended sequence of reflection of questions, it is necessary to take the initiative in collecting information, striving to fully use the latest achievements of science, technology and forensic means, for deeper and more informed conclusions about the cause, features of the development of the fire and the persons responsible for its occurrence.

4.3. Requirements for the preparation of annexes to the description of the fire

4.3.1. The attachments to the description consist of:

Fire accounting card, developed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory legal documents Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, defining the requirements for the formation electronic bases accounting data of fires (burnings) and their consequences;

Extracts from the Schedule of departures of fire departments, fire protection garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations and the Plan for attracting forces and means of fire departments, fire protection garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations, consisting of title page and a sheet (sheets) on which the forces and means involved in extinguishing the fire under investigation are indicated, in accordance with the established numbers (ranks) of fires;

Tables of the main indicators of the concentration of forces and means, the development and extinguishing of a fire;

Combined schedule for changing the area, required and actual consumption of fire extinguishing agents;

Plans for the deployment of forces and means at the time of the arrival of the first unit, at the time of the change of each RTP, at the time of concentration of forces and means in accordance with the Schedule of departures of fire departments, fire department garrisons to extinguish fires and conduct rescue operations, the plan for attracting forces and means fire departments, fire protection garrisons to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations, at the time of each regrouping of forces and means, localization and elimination of a fire;

Photographs (panoramic, orienting, overview large-scale, etc.);

Copies of other operational documents on the fire under investigation, acts, decisions, orders and other documents related to the fire that occurred.

4.3.2. The number of plans-schemes for the alignment of forces and means for extinguishing a fire, drawings of individual structures and photographs depends on the nature and size of the fire and is determined in each individual case, based on the need for the most complete coverage of the features of this fire.

4.3.3. Schemes, drawings and photographs are placed at the end of the description as an application. The dimensions of the sheets should be 20x30 cm or 30x40 cm. Photographs are made in the size of 12x18 cm, pasted on sheets of paper and signed.

4.3.4. When drawing up plans, diagrams and schedules, the accepted symbols are used.

Attachment 1

Call N _________________________________________________________

(according to the number of forces and means at the time of localization of the fire)

CARD

Action ________________________________________________________________

(full name of the unit in the exit area of which the fire occurred)

To extinguish the fire that happened ___________________

(day month Year)

1. Name of organization (object), departmental affiliation (form of ownership, address) _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Characteristics of the organization (object) ___________________________________

(dimensions in the plan, number of storeys, _________________________________________________________________________________

Design features, degree of fire resistance,

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Who guards the organization (object), who discovered the fire _______________

___________________________________________________________________________

Fire occurrence ____________________ area _____________________

Fire detection ______________________ area _____________________

Fire notifications ______________________ area _____________________

Departure of the duty guard (shift) ______________________________________

Arrival at the fire _______________________ area _____________________

Delivery of the first stem ___________________ area _____________________

Call for additional forces _______________ area _____________________

Localization _____________________________ area _____________________

Liquidation ____________________________________________________________

Return to the unit (place of permanent deployment) _____________________

5. Water supply: _____________________________________________________________

(type, characteristics of water supply, ___________________________________________________________________________

Serviceability, distance to the place of fire)

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Ways of water supply: from tanks of tankers ___________________________

(number of trunks)

With installation on the water source ______________________________________________

Type of equipment used, distance to the place of fire)

Water supply _______________________________________________________________

(number, type and distance to the water source, type of used ___________________________________________________________________________

Techniques)

Water supply to the pumping station _________________________________________________

(number and type of water sources, ___________________________________________________________________________

Type of equipment used, length of the main line)

7. The situation on the fire _________________________________________________

(what and where burned, the course of development and extinguishing ___________________________________________________________________________

Fire, the actions of the DPO formations and the population before the arrival of firefighters

___________________________________________________________________________

divisions, actions of fire divisions)

___________________________________________________________________________

8. Evaluation of actions: _____________________________________________________________

RTP-1 _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

RTP-2 _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

RTP-3 and subsequent _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Heads of sections (sectors) of fire extinguishing ____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Fire departments ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9. Features of fire extinguishing: ____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Establishment of an operational headquarters on a fire _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(time, staff composition)

Creation of sites (sectors) for extinguishing a fire _______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(time, tasks of sections (sectors) of fire extinguishing)

10. Circumstances contributing to the development of a fire: _______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Complicating the situation: _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(presence of hazardous chemicals, explosives, radioactive substances, etc.)

11. Who (what) extinguished the fire: ______________________________________________

(Formation of DTGO, fire department ___________________________________________________________________________

Protection by the population, jointly, by primary means,

___________________________________________________________________________

automation)

11.1. Using the technique of organizations (objects):

___________________________________________________________________________

(specify type of equipment)

___________________________________________________________________________

11.2. Using the forces and means of strongholds to extinguish large

Fires _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11.3. With the use of GDZS __________________________________________________

One link ___________________ two or more links ______________________

(working time) (working time)

12. With what services was interaction organized: ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________

13. The fire brigade and life support units did not arrive,

Provided by the Plan to attract forces and means of fire protection units, fire protection garrisons to extinguish fires and carry out

Rescue operations, Schedule of departures of fire departments, fire garrisons to extinguish fires and carry out

Rescue operations requested by RTP ____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(which units, reason for non-arrival)

14. Malfunction in the work of fire equipment: ______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(car brand, division number, type of malfunction)

15. Cause and culprit of the fire (established or suspected) _________

___________________________________________________________________________

16. Fire results:

16.1. _______ people saved, of which:

A) firemen ____________________________

B) formations of the DPO ___________________

C) the population of ___________________________

16.2. Died in a fire, cause of death __________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

16.3. Injured people __________________________________________________

16.4. Buildings destroyed _________________________________________________

16.5. Animals died ____________________________________________________

16.6. The amount of damage caused by fire __________________________________

16.7. Total value of salvaged property ________________________________

17. Consumed fire extinguishing agents _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(water, foaming agent, powder, etc.)

18. Cases of violation of labor protection and safety rules by employees

Fire Department _______________________________________________________________

(type of violation or not noted)

At the same time: ____________________________________ people died.

Injured __________________________________________ people.

19. Conclusions, proposals and measures taken ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Applications: plans, plans-schemes, photographs, etc.

Department head

Fire Department ____________________________________ (I.O. Surname)

(signature)

"____" ___________ 20___.

Annex 2

SUMMARY TABLE

The work of fire departments to extinguish fires

In a city, settlement (district)

For _______ sq. 20___

1. Departures of duty guards on alarm.

Total trips _____________________________________________________________

Including on:

1.1. Fires (including to the areas of departure of other units - indicated in the denominator) ______________________________________________________________

1.2. Accidents and accidents ___________________________________________

1.3. Fires that are not subject to accounting __________________________________________

1.4. Forest peat fires _______________________________________________

(in the numerator - Forest fires, in the denominator - peat)

1.5. False (including false positives of APS - indicated in the denominator) ______________________________________________________________

1.6. Fire-tactical exercises and exercises (including at night - indicated in the denominator) ______________________________________________

2. Fires extinguished:

2.1. CPE, by the population before the arrival of fire departments (including CPE by mobile fire equipment - indicated in the denominator) ___________________

2.2. Automatic fire extinguishing installations _____________________

2.3. By the forces of one guard ________________________________________________

2.4. The first stem(s) from the capacity of the tank truck ____________________

With the installation of fire trucks on water sources ________________________

2.5. From the tanks of several tank trucks (without installing vehicles on water sources) ____________________________________________________________

2.6. With the involvement of additional forces and means __________________________

3. When extinguishing fires, we used (data are used only for fires specified in paragraphs 2.3 - 2.6):

3.1. 2 water barrels _____________________________________________________

3.2. 3 - 4 water shafts ________________________________________________

3.3. 5 - 7 water shafts ________________________________________________

3.4. 8 or more water shafts ____________________________________________

3.5. Air-foam barrels:

Number of fires extinguished using air-foam guns __

Including: a) one trunk ____________________________________________

B) two or more trunks ___________________________________

Foam concentrate used (liters) _______________________________

3.6. Wetting agents:

The number of fires extinguished with the use of wetting agents _________________

Wetting agents used (liters) _______________________________________

3.7. Fire extinguishing powder:

Number of fires extinguished with fire extinguishing powder _____

Extinguishing powder used (kg.) ______________________________

3.8. Other fire extinguishers:

Type of fire extinguishing agent _____________________________________________

Number of fires extinguished with fire extinguishing agent ____

Fire extinguishing agent used (kilograms, liters, pieces, etc.) __

3.9. One link GDZS total operating time _____ hours.

3.10. Two or more links GDZS _____ total working time _____ hours.

3.11. Ladder (car lift) ______________________________________________

3.12. Sleeve car _________________________________________________

Including strongholds ___________________________________________

3.13. Pumping station _________ including strongholds ______________

3.14. Technical vehicle __________ including strong points _______

3.15. Smoke exhauster _________ including strong points _______________________

3.16. Other special vehicles _______________________________________

Including strongholds ___________________________________________

3.17. power tool _________________________________________

4. Travel time to the place of fire (only to the area of departure)

Up to 5 minutes ____________________________________________________________

Up to 10 minutes _______________________________________________________________

More than 10 minutes ______________________________________________________________

5. Time from the moment of arrival to the fire until liquidation (as a percentage of the total number of fires specified in paragraphs 2.3, 2.4):

Up to 15 minutes _________________________________________________________________

16 - 30 minutes _______________________________________________________________

31 minutes - 1 hour

61 minutes - 2 hours _________________________________________________

Over 2 hours _______________________________________________________________

6. Results of fires:

6.1. People saved: total _________________________________________________

Incl. firefighters ____________________________________________________________

6.2. People died in fires: total _____________________________________

Until the arrival of the fire departments ____________________________________

6.3. Injured people ___________________________________________________

6.4. Buildings destroyed _________________________________________________

6.5. Amount of loss caused by fires __________________________________

6.6. Total value of salvaged assets _____________________

6.7. Admitted traffic accidents:

When following a fire _______________________________________________

When following from the scene of a fire _____________________________________________

6.8. Accidents with employees (employees) of the fire department were admitted:

Total _________________________________________________________________

With a fatal outcome ___________________________________________________

Boss _________________________________________________________________

(name of the fire department)

___________________________ ___________________________________________

(title) signature (full name)

"____" _____________ 20___ year.

Notes:

1. Depending on local characteristics, sections of the table may be

Supplemented with data necessary to analyze the actions of fire departments

2. When developing an analysis of the actions of fire fighting units

Services of the subject of the Russian Federation, the table is compiled both as a whole for the subject of the Russian Federation, and separately for cities populated by

Points (districts) protected by fire departments

Subjects of the Russian Federation.

Annex 3

COMBINED SCHEDULE

CHANGES IN FIRE AREA, REQUIRED AND ACTUAL FLOW

EXTINGUISHING SUBSTANCES IN TIME

Explanations for the chart:

1. On the y-axis (vertical axis) is plotted:

On the left - the fire area (in sq. m);

On the right - the consumption of fire extinguishing agent (in l / s.).

2. The abscissa (horizontal axis) shows the time in minutes or hours, depending on the extinguishing time.

3. The required consumption of a fire extinguishing agent is determined by multiplying the value of the fire area, at the time (departure, arrival at the fire, introduction of barrels), by the intensity required for this type of burning substance, which is found in the tables teaching aids fire tactics.

4. The actual consumption of fire extinguishing agent at a certain point in time.

5. The graph of the required flow rate is a curved line, and the actual flow rate is a stepped one.

The study of fires is organized and carried out in accordance with the Instructions for the study of fires. Such a study is the most important and necessary condition for raising the level of anti-tank equipment of command personnel, organizing fire fighting, combat training of units, as well as the quality of fire prevention work. Fire study includes the following elements: fire study; drawing up a document on the study (description of a fire or a card of hostilities); analysis of the fire (analysis of fire and preventive work and fighting fire departments); combat analysis.

Any fire is subject to investigation, regardless of its size, the magnitude of material losses and the amount of forces and means used. The study involves the most trained persons of the middle and senior fire department, who did not participate in extinguishing this fire and do not serve the facility where the fire took place, in a preventive sense. In some cases, specialists from scientific institutions may be involved and educational institutions fire department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and engineering and technical workers of objects and services of the city.

The investigation of the fire actually begins from the moment the first fire department arrives, the RTP and other officials take measures to preserve and timely withdraw material evidence, obtain information from the facility workers and other citizens who discovered the fire, as well as from participants in other events related to the fire.

When studying a fire, the following goals are set: to analyze the fire-prevention state of the object and its compliance with current regulatory documents, to establish the cause of the fire and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of fire prevention work at the facility; to study the process and parameters of fire development, the causes and conditions that contributed to the spread of fire and smoke, the behavior of building structures, various substances, materials and production equipment in a fire; analyze the organization of fire extinguishing, the actions of fire departments, administration, DPF, workers and employees when detecting and extinguishing a fire, saving people, evacuating animals and property; establish the causes of accidents with people; to study the effectiveness of the use of fire equipment, fire extinguishing agents, communications equipment, fire automation installations and fire water supply systems; to prepare measures aimed at improving the activities of the apparatus and fire departments for preventive maintenance facilities, organizing fire extinguishing, ensuring combat operations of units, improving the work of the operational headquarters and rear.

Before proceeding with a detailed investigation of a fire, a designated person or group of persons develops a detailed work plan. In the process of its implementation, the following are organized and carried out: registration in chronological order of all events, facts and phenomena that took place in the process of developing and extinguishing a fire; interviews with persons who discovered the fire and reported it to the fire brigade, who observed certain phenomena in the process of developing and extinguishing the fire, and who participated in extinguishing it; a detailed inspection of the fire site and carrying out the necessary measurements, the implementation of diagrams, photographs and the seizure of material evidence; study and analysis of the technological process of production, building structures, the state of escape routes, stationary warning and extinguishing systems, fire water supply, communications, as well as conducting relevant analytical and experimental studies; study of operational documents related to fire extinguishing, and analysis of the fulfillment of their requirements by officials on fire; analysis of the instructions of the State Fire Supervision Service, instructions on fire safety at the facility, materials of inspections of the activities of fire departments; conducting experiments to assess the speed of gathering a sufficient number of forces and means for extinguishing; analysis of the correctness of the actions of the RTP, assessment of the degree of use of the tactical capabilities of the fire departments involved in the extinguishing.

All the facts, phenomena and actions studied in the process of research, according to the time of their accomplishment, can be divided into two groups: those that preceded the onset of a fire and those that occurred in the process of developing a fire and extinguishing it.

The main facts, phenomena and actions preceding the fire can be grouped into the following groups:

general data (address, name and departmental affiliation of the object, date of construction, compliance with the project and the requirements of fire regulations and rules, date and time of occurrence, fire detection and notification to the fire brigade, as well as the causes of the fire and the persons responsible for its occurrence);

the purpose of the object (building or structure), the characteristics of the production process that affect the occurrence, development and extinguishing of a fire;

design features of the object (buildings, structures, premises) that affect the development, extinguishing and consequences of a fire (number of storeys of a building, structural material, degree of fire resistance, condition of evacuation routes, etc.);

state of power networks and electrical installations (compliance with the rules for the installation of electrical installations and project documentation, the correctness of their installation, the state of electrical protection, lightning protection, etc.);

the state of the fire water supply system (type of water supply, diameter of water pipes, pressure in the water supply, the procedure for increasing it, the presence of entrances to natural and artificial reservoirs, water reserves, the presence of internal fire water pipelines and their efficiency, etc.);

the presence, type and condition of automatic detection, notification and extinguishing installations, the effectiveness of their use;

availability and compliance with the standards of primary fire extinguishing means, the effectiveness of their use;

availability, type and condition of smoke exhaust systems, their operation;

characteristics of communication facilities and their role in the notification of a fire;

characteristics of the local fire brigade (type of the fire brigade of the object, staffing and equipment, level of combat readiness, knowledge of the command staff of the object, control over the organization of the service, availability and reality of operational documents, type and number of guards, etc.);

the fire-fighting condition of the facility before the fire (the role of the administration in ensuring fire safety, the presence of fire-fighting units and their combat capability, maintenance of the facility in terms of fire-fighting by officials of the State Fire Supervision Service);

timeliness and quality of fire and technical inspections, a list of proposed measures, the degree of their implementation and the impact on the occurrence, development and course of fire extinguishing, fire incidents that occurred earlier at the facility, the use of the rights of the State Fire Supervision Service, etc.

These groups of data are a particularly important part of the study, since they determine the causes of the outbreak, the features of the development of the fire and the combat work to extinguish it. The listed data, as a rule, is obtained through a thorough study and analysis of documents on the fire condition of the facility, as well as a practical check of the service and combat readiness of the units involved in extinguishing, the fire condition of the facility, including its engineering structures.

After studying the circumstances preceding the fire, or simultaneously with such a study, consider the facts, phenomena and actions that occurred in the process of developing and extinguishing the fire. The main ones are:

data on the development of a fire, the behavior of building structures and materials in a fire (combustion features, ways and speed of fire propagation, the effect of fire barriers, cases of explosions, flashes, boiling up and emissions of gaseous liquids, their causes and consequences, smoke zones and their influence on the course of extinguishing, the presence of harmful and toxic gases for breathing and other phenomena affecting the development and extinguishing of a fire);

the course of extinguishing and the management of forces and means (detection, method and time of reporting a fire, the correctness of the actions of officials before the arrival of fire departments, the first extinguishing actions, organizing a meeting of departments, the actions of the dispatcher on duty of the Central Fire Control Service or the duty officer of the police department, the arrival time of the first unit, the actions of the first RTP, the time of arrival of subsequent units and the fire situation before their arrival and their actions, the fire situation at the time of the arrival of the senior RTP, his decision-making and the timeliness of their implementation, the creation of an operational headquarters, combat sectors and sectors and their work to organize extinguishing, information on the application new methods and techniques of conducting combat operations, the list and degree of use of units on special fire engines, the number and types of barrels and foam generators submitted for the elimination of burning, their effectiveness, the number of personnel involved in extinguishing, etc.);

assessment of the actions of the RTP, the operational headquarters and fire departments in the event of a fire (timeliness, correctness and completeness of the actions of the first and subsequent RTPs for organizing fire reconnaissance, assessing the situation, calling additional forces and means, their deployment, organizing rescue and other work, the quality of the work of the operational headquarters for management of forces and means, the correct use of forces and means, the degree of preparation of the personnel of subunits for the use of new means, methods and techniques of conducting combat operations, the manifestation of the courage of the staff involved in the extinguishing, etc.);

circumstances that contributed to the development of a fire to a large size (late detection of a fire, untimely reporting of a fire, lack of water and other fire extinguishing agents, untimely arrival of forces and means, malfunction of fire equipment, lack of a fire protection system, absence or remoteness of fire departments, errors of the RTP and the operational headquarters in the organization of extinguishing, etc.);

consequences of a fire (a list of everything that was burned and damaged by fire and smoke, destroyed, opened and dismantled during extinguishing structures of buildings and structures, the degree of damage to buildings and structures, an assessment of the possibility of their restoration, data on accidents with people and death of animals, fire damage , the degree of influence of the fire on the production process, the number of rescued people, animals and material values, etc.).

After the completion of the study, the persons who performed it, on the basis of the analysis, develop conclusions and proposals for taking the necessary measures and familiarize them with the management of the apparatus, the head of the fire department and other officials in in due course.

According to the results of the study, a description of the fire or a card of hostilities is compiled, depending on the amount of material damage from the fire, the features of its development and extinguishing, which is provided for by the requirements of the current guidance documents.

Description of the fire includes the following sections: summary data about the fire; explanatory note; conclusions, proposals and measures taken. It, as a rule, is drawn up in a single form and strictly in the sequence that is given in the Instructions for the study of fires.

The summary data on the fire includes: the general part (name of the object, its affiliation, address, place of occurrence and cause of the fire, conditions conducive to the spread of the fire, the perpetrators, type of responsibility, type of fire department, etc.); a list of the consequences of a fire (death of people, animals, damage from a fire, what is damaged, what is saved, etc.); characteristics of the object (size of buildings, area of premises, number of storeys, place of origin and ways of spreading fire, etc.); additional information (distance to the fire station, effectiveness of fire barriers, reasons for untimely and poor-quality extinguishing, date of the last inspection of the facility, total number of violations fire safety and etc.); data on the dynamics of the development and extinguishing of a fire (the time of occurrence, detection and reporting of a fire, the time of arrival of the first and subsequent units, etc.); a list of the forces and means involved (for each unit: the total number of equipment involved in the extinguishing, the number of participants in the extinguishing, etc.).

The explanatory note reflects in more detail: data on the object and its fire-prevention condition before the fire; a description of the protection of the object and the effectiveness of the supervision of the fire department over its fire-fighting condition; a general picture of the occurrence, development and extinguishing of a fire; positive moments and shortcomings in the organization of extinguishing; basic fire extinguishing agents used in extinguishing; malfunctions of fire equipment; circumstances, places of death and data on the dead (injured) people; the circle of persons who conducted the investigation of the fire; preliminary results of the investigation, etc.

In the section devoted to conclusions, proposals and measures taken, indicate: the main causes of the occurrence and development of a fire; the degree of guilt of firefighters; proposals for the prevention and successful extinguishing of such fires; a list of measures to prevent such fires; omissions in the organization of fire and preventive work and in extinguishing a fire; measures taken to eliminate the admitted shortcomings, improve the organization and conduct of preventive work and extinguish fires.

Attached to the description of fires are: combined graphs of changes in area, perimeter, fire front, required and actual consumption of fire extinguishing agents; extinguishing schemes by stages of fire extinguishing, as well as photographs and other documents revealing the features of the development and extinguishing of a fire.

The study of each fire ends with its analysis; the results of the latter are reflected at the end of the description of the fire.

Fire research

The study of fires is organized and carried out in accordance with the Instructions for the study of fires. This study is the most important necessary condition raising the level of anti-tank weapons of command personnel, organizing fire fighting, combat training of units, as well as the quality of fire prevention work. Fire study includes the following elements: fire study; drawing up a document on the study (description of a fire or a card of hostilities); analysis of a fire (analysis of fire prevention work and combat operations of fire departments); combat analysis.

Any fire is subject to investigation, regardless of its size, the magnitude of material losses and the amount of forces and means used. The study involves the most trained persons of the middle and senior fire department, who did not participate in extinguishing this fire and do not serve the facility where the fire took place, in a preventive sense. In some cases, specialists from scientific institutions and educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and engineering and technical workers of city facilities and services may be involved.

When studying a fire, the following goals are set: to analyze the fire-prevention state of the object and its compliance with the current regulatory documents, establish the cause of the fire and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of fire prevention work at the facility; to study the process and parameters of fire development, the causes and conditions that contributed to the spread of fire and smoke, the behavior of building structures, various substances, materials and production equipment in a fire; analyze the organization of fire extinguishing, the actions of fire departments, administration, DPF, workers and employees when detecting and extinguishing a fire, saving people, evacuating animals and property; establish the causes of accidents with people; to study the effectiveness of the use of fire equipment, fire extinguishing agents, communications, installations fire automatics and fire water supply systems; to prepare measures aimed at improving the activities of the apparatus and fire departments for preventive maintenance of facilities, organizing fire extinguishing, ensuring combat operations of units, improving the work of the operational headquarters and rear.

The main facts, phenomena and actions preceding the fire can be grouped into the following groups:

General data (address, name and departmental affiliation of the object, date of construction, compliance with the design and requirements of fire regulations and rules, date and time of occurrence, fire detection and notification to the fire brigade, as well as the causes of the fire and the persons responsible for its occurrence);

The purpose of the object (building or structure), the characteristics of the production process that affect the occurrence, development and extinguishing of a fire;

Design features of the object (buildings, structures, premises) that affect the development, extinguishing and consequences of a fire (number of storeys of a building, structural material, degree of fire resistance, condition of evacuation routes, etc.);

The state of electrical networks and electrical installations (compliance with the rules for the installation of electrical installations and project documentation, the correctness of their installation, the state of electrical protection, lightning protection, etc.);

The state of the fire water supply system (type of water supply, diameter of water pipes, pressure in the water supply, the procedure for increasing it, the presence of entrances to natural and artificial reservoirs, water supplies, the presence of internal fire water pipelines and their efficiency, etc.);

Availability, type and condition of automatic detection, notification and extinguishing installations, the effectiveness of their use;

Availability and compliance with the standards of primary fire extinguishing equipment, the effectiveness of their use;

Availability, type and condition of smoke exhaust systems, their operation;

Characteristics of the means of communication and their role in the notification of a fire;

Characteristics of the local fire brigade (type of fire brigade of the object, staffing and equipment, level of combat readiness, knowledge of the command staff of the object, control over the organization of the service, availability and reality of operational documents, type and number of guards, etc.);

The fire-fighting state of the facility before the fire (the role of the administration in ensuring fire safety, the presence of fire-fighting units and their combat capability, maintenance of the facility in terms of fire-fighting by officials of the State Fire Supervision Service);

Timeliness and quality of fire and technical inspections, a list of proposed measures, the degree of their implementation and the impact on the occurrence, development and course of fire extinguishing, cases of fires that occurred earlier at the facility, the use of the rights of the State Fire Supervision Service, etc.

Data on the development of a fire, the behavior of building structures and materials in a fire (combustion features, ways and speed of fire propagation, the effect of fire barriers, cases of explosions, flashes, boiling up and fumes emissions, their causes and consequences, smoke zones and their impact on the extinguishing process , the presence of harmful and toxic gases for breathing and other phenomena affecting the development and extinguishing of a fire);

The course of extinguishing and management of forces and means (detection, method and time of reporting a fire, the correctness of the actions of officials before the arrival of fire departments, the first extinguishing actions, organizing a meeting of departments, the actions of the dispatcher on duty of the Central Fire Control Service or the duty police department, the arrival time of the first unit, the actions of the first RTP, the time of arrival of subsequent units and the fire situation before their arrival and their actions, the fire situation at the time of the arrival of the senior RTP, his decision-making and the timeliness of their implementation, the creation of an operational headquarters, combat sectors and sectors and their work to organize extinguishing, information on the application new methods and techniques of conducting combat operations, the list and degree of use of units on special fire engines, the number and types of barrels and foam generators submitted for the elimination of burning, their effectiveness, the number of personnel involved in extinguishing, etc.);

Evaluation of the actions of the RTP, the operational headquarters and fire departments in the event of a fire (timeliness, correctness and completeness of the actions of the first and subsequent RTP for organizing fire reconnaissance, assessing the situation, calling additional forces and means, their deployment, organizing rescue and other work, the quality of the work of the operational headquarters for management of forces and means, the correct use of forces and means, the degree of preparation of the personnel of subunits for the use of new means, methods and techniques of conducting combat operations, the manifestation of the courage of the staff involved in the extinguishing, etc.);

Circumstances that contributed to the development of a fire to a large scale (late detection of a fire, untimely reporting of a fire, lack of water and other fire extinguishing agents, untimely arrival of forces and means, malfunction of fire equipment, lack of a fire protection system, absence or remoteness of fire departments, errors of the RTP and the operational headquarters in the organization of extinguishing, etc.);

Consequences of a fire (a list of everything that burned down and was damaged by fire and smoke, destroyed, opened and dismantled during extinguishing structures of buildings and structures, the degree of damage to buildings and structures, an assessment of the possibility of their restoration, data on accidents with people and death of animals, fire damage , the degree of influence of the fire on the production process, the number of rescued people, animals and material values, etc.).

After the end of the study, the persons who performed it, on the basis of the analysis, develop conclusions and proposals for taking the necessary measures and acquaint them with the management of the apparatus, the head of the fire department and other officials in the prescribed manner.

The summary data on the fire includes: the general part (name of the object, its affiliation, address, place of occurrence and cause of the fire, conditions conducive to the spread of the fire, the perpetrators, type of responsibility, type of fire department, etc.); a list of the consequences of a fire (death of people, animals, damage from a fire, what is damaged, what is saved, etc.); characteristics of the object (size of buildings, area of premises, number of storeys, place of origin and ways of spreading fire, etc.); additional information(distance to the fire station, the effectiveness of fire barriers, reasons for untimely and poor-quality extinguishing, the date of the last inspection of the facility, the total number of fire safety violations, etc.); data on the dynamics of the development and extinguishing of a fire (the time of occurrence, detection and reporting of a fire, the time of arrival of the first and subsequent units, etc.); a list of the forces and means involved (for each unit: the total number of equipment involved in the extinguishing, the number of participants in the extinguishing, etc.).

The study of each fire ends with its analysis; the results of the latter are reflected at the end of the description of the fire.

Analysis of the fire

Analysis of the fire is organized and carried out in order to analyze: the fire condition of the object where the fire occurred, and its operational and tactical features, the causes and development of the fire; fighting fire departments, DPF, workers and employees to extinguish the fire; the quality of service and the level of combat training of the fire brigades of the garrison; positive aspects and shortcomings in the organization and conduct of fire and preventive work at the facility and the management of forces and means; the effectiveness of the application of new methods and techniques of conducting combat operations, the use of fire extinguishing agents, fire equipment and communications; random circumstances and phenomena that occurred during the development and extinguishing of a fire, and their causes; degree of compliance with safety requirements. The results obtained are necessary for the development of measures aimed at preventing fires at similar facilities, eliminating the shortcomings that have taken place in the organization of service, combat training and fire fighting, and disseminating positive work experience.

Analysis of fires is planned and carried out during office hours - during the hours allotted for office and combat training, or at other times, at the discretion of the head of the garrison, detachment or unit, in case of especially complex and characteristic fires after their investigation, as well as during scheduled hours in classes at schools for improving operational skills and fire-technical educational institutions. The order, time and place of the analysis of the fire are determined by the chiefs of the apparatus, the fire department garrison, detachments and units.

There are the following organizational forms of analysis of fires: analysis of fires that occurred in the garrison, after their research - separately with the command staff of the garrison (detachment, unit); analysis of fires that occurred in other garrisons - with the command staff of the garrison, students and cadets of educational institutions (according to descriptions, reviews, information letters, etc.); analysis of fires with the personnel of the guards on duty who took part in their extinguishing. All fires that occurred in the area of departure of the fire brigade must be sorted out as soon as possible after extinguishing with all the personnel of the guards on duty.

The frequency and timing of the analysis of fires with the command staff of the fire brigade garrisons are determined by the relevant instructions and instructions.

Analysis of fires that occurred in a given garrison, with the command staff of the fire brigade garrison, is carried out by the persons who investigated them, under the guidance of senior commanders, and analysis of fires that occurred in other garrisons is carried out by senior commanders or responsible employees on their behalf.

Analysis of fires with the personnel of the guards on duty who took part in their extinguishing is carried out by the chiefs of the guards or the persons who led the guards on this fire, under the leadership of the head of the unit or his deputy, and with the personnel of other guards - the head of the unit or his deputy.

The analysis of fires makes it possible for the command staff to reveal the content of most of the processes and phenomena occurring in fires, to establish their sequence and regular connection between them, as well as the causes of their occurrence. Knowledge of these reasons allows you to deeply, comprehensively and objectively analyze the activities of the fire department in preventing and extinguishing fires, develop specific measures to increase the level of combat training of all personnel of the units and improve the quality of fire fighting at various objects and in different conditions.

The significance of the analysis of fires lies in the fact that through this type of PTP, a commonality of views of the fire department on the organization and conduct of fire prevention work and fire extinguishing is established. Therefore, analysis of fires cannot be considered as an episodic form of training for the commanding officer and all personnel of the fire department; they should be carried out continuously. The entire command staff of apparatuses, garrisons and fire departments should take part in this work.

The quality of fire analysis depends mainly on the level of training of the manager and training base to parsing. Each organizational form of analysis has its own characteristics that affect the procedure for preparing the leader for classes.

The main sources of information about the fire in the preparation of the head for the analysis are: materials on the study of the fire; description of the fire; battle cards, reviews, information collections and other documents on fires received from higher fire departments.

To conduct an analysis, the manager must: determine the main goal, time, place and content of the analysis; develop a lesson plan; prepare visual aids (diagrams, plans, drawings, photographs, film materials, drawings, tables, graphs, diagrams, technical means for their demonstration, etc.), characterizing the process of development and extinguishing a fire.

The fire analysis plan includes: the topic of the lesson, the main goal, the time allotted for the analysis, the venue, material support (visual aids), a list of documents and literary sources that were used to substantiate the conclusions, conclusions and proposals, the order of the sessions (elements) with the distribution of time for each element, the list of officials making presentations (if planned), and the content of the debriefing (main issues and their summary). The debriefing plan is reviewed and approved by the senior manager.

Analysis of fires that occurred in the fire department garrison, with its command staff, is carried out, as a rule, by persons who investigated the fire, under the guidance of their senior commanders. Therefore, their preparation for the analysis of the fire is carried out in the process of studying it in a certain sequence. When identifying and studying data on the development and extinguishing of a fire, one initially has to deal with a variety of factors that have different meanings and unequal effects on the development and extinguishing of fires. Under these conditions, it is advisable not only to identify data on the development and extinguishing of a fire, but also to group them according to certain characteristics. Data on the cause of the fire are combined in one group, on the spread of fire - in another, on smoke zones - in the third, etc. When the cause of the fire is identified, the specific conditions of its occurrence are recreated, and if similar conditions and causes of other fires are known, then it is necessary to analyze and use these data in the analysis.

In the process of research and in preparation for the analysis of the fire, data are identified and grouped, with the help of which it is possible to determine:

The time intervals for the free development of a fire, i.e. the time from the moment of occurrence of combustion to its detection, the time of receipt of a message about a fire, collection and following, combat deployment and introduction of fire extinguishing agents;

The linear speed of fire spread during the period of free development of the fire - until the moment of its localization;

The fire area by the time the first unit arrived, at the time of the introduction of additional forces and means and localization, as well as the rate of its increase in various periods of the development and extinguishing of the fire;

The boundaries of the smoke zone and their change in the process of development and extinguishing the fire;

Burnout rate of combustible substances, materials and factors affecting it;

Changes in the temperature regime and gas exchange in the process of development and quenching;

Behavior of structures in fire conditions, as well as the effect of fire on apparatuses, process equipment and its results, etc.

Simultaneously with the identification of these data, the following is established:

The time of receipt of a message about a fire, the departure of units to a fire and the factors that influenced them;

The speed of movement of units to the place of call;

The situation of the fire at the time of arrival of the first and subsequent fire departments and operational management;

The order of actions of the first and subsequent units for rescuing people and extinguishing a fire;

The speed of concentration and introduction of forces and means in the process of extinguishing;

Duration of localization and liquidation of the fire;

The number of forces and means used to extinguish the fire, and some other information.

Simultaneously with the collection of data on the development and extinguishing of a fire, in order to prepare for the analysis, it is necessary to select illustrative material (diagrams, results of photography and filming, drawings, sketches, etc.), which can be used as evidence, confirmation or refutation of the fact that any facts, phenomena or processes took place.

After identifying all the necessary data on the development and extinguishing of a fire, they proceed to their analysis. The analysis lies in the fact that through the processing of preliminary data (using the methodology for calculating the parameters of the development and extinguishing of a fire and determining the required number of forces and means), drawing graphs and diagrams, specific features and facts of the development and extinguishing of a fire are established.

When investigating a fire, it is necessary to analyze all the time intervals of its development and extinguishing.

If during the analysis it turns out that the detection time is long, it is necessary to identify the reasons for this fact and determine what measures should be taken to ensure rapid detection. possible fires(install automatic systems fire detection and notification, improve the organization and performance of the security service of the facility, etc.).

The reasons for the long message time may be: lack of means of communication or their remoteness from the place of fire; an attempt to eliminate the fire on their own without informing the fire brigade in order to hide the fact of a fire, etc.

The collection time on alarm is determined by the relevant regulations; if it is more than the standard, therefore, the combat readiness of the unit is at a low level.

The travel time depends on the knowledge of the command staff and drivers of the shortest routes, the nature of the movement on them Vehicle, the presence of temporary obstacles on the routes and their shortest detours, etc. Therefore, if the fire investigators believe that the travel time was too long, then it is checked with practically the same units that participated in the fire extinguishing, and final conclusions are drawn.

The time of combat deployment depends on the distance between the water source and the positions for supplying extinguishing devices, on the choice of routes for laying main hose lines, on the ways and means of reaching positions, on combat deployment schemes, on the training of personnel and other factors. For a number of combat deployment schemes, PSP standards. Therefore, when analyzing the actual time of combat deployment, it is necessary to be guided by these standards, as well as to assess the possibility and expediency of using fire engines installed on the nearest water sources, for their full tactical capability by several units

Theoretical localization time is the time from the moment the fire extinguishing agents are supplied to the moment the fire stops developing. It is determined according to the combined schedule of required and actual water consumption.

The localization time obtained from the schedule is compared with the actual localization time and appropriate conclusions are drawn. If the actual time is much longer than the estimated time, it is necessary to analyze the organization and combat work of the units and identify the reasons for this fact. Such reasons can be: poor-quality reconnaissance and incorrect determination of the decisive direction of hostilities; supply of low-power water trunks; supply of fire extinguishing agents “by smoke”; untimely call for additional forces and means, units on special fire equipment and a number of others.

The liquidation time is estimated based on the operational and tactical characteristics of the object, the type of fire extinguishing agents used, the conditions for the combat operation of units, the presence and number of GDZS links and some other factors.

In the process of studying a fire, it is necessary to identify not only the shortcomings, but also the causes that caused these shortcomings, as well as outline effective measures to eliminate them.

Analyzing the data on the development of a fire, the following are established: the speed of the spread of fire in certain periods and the reasons for their change; the prevailing direction of the spread of fire to what reasons it is caused; the rate of change in the area and perimeter of the fire during the time intervals of interest and their maximum values; the rate of smoke and gas exchange in a fire, their causes and consequences; causes of explosions, collapses of structures and technological equipment and the occurrence of other dangerous situations on fire, what caused them, what are their consequences, etc.

When analyzing the extinguishing process, they evaluate: the correctness and quality of the organization and conduct of reconnaissance and assessment of the fire situation; the effectiveness of the use of fire extinguishing agents, methods and techniques of conducting combat operations of fire departments: the correctness of the decision-making of the RTP and the degree of their implementation; the effectiveness of the actions of the NSh, NT, NBU and subdivisions for ensuring the implementation decisions taken; the speed of introduction of extinguishing devices and the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents, as well as the correct operation of firemen, drivers of fire trucks, messengers and other personnel; correspondence between the theoretical and actual durations of fire localization and other data and factors of the fire extinguishing process.

In addition, in the process of analysis, the sufficiency of forces and means for extinguishing a fire, the speed of their concentration, the positive aspects and shortcomings in the work of officials and units, as well as the reasons for the identified shortcomings, are established.

For better preparation for the analysis of the fire, the data obtained - such as the rate of spread of fire, the growth of the area and perimeter of the fire, the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents - are compared with the normative ones, as well as with data from similar fires that occurred in the garrison, and find out the reasons for the discrepancies.

A thorough and comprehensive analysis of data on the development and extinguishing of a fire allows us to draw objective conclusions about the features of its occurrence, development and extinguishing. The conclusions should contain specific and objective assessments of the actions of all persons related to the initiation, development and extinguishing of a fire, as well as recommendations for improving the quality of fire prevention work, organizing fire extinguishing in a garrison, a settlement and at an object.

In those cases when persons who acted as RTP, NSh, NT, NBU and others in this fire are involved in the analysis, it is necessary to organize their preparation for the analysis. Under these conditions, the person investigating the fire conducts a briefing, at which he briefly acquaints them with the materials and conclusions on the study of the fire, determines the sequence and duration of their speeches, and outlines what specific issues they should disclose in the analysis of the fire in their reports.

Considering that not all command personnel present at the debriefing are fully aware of the operational and tactical characteristics of the object in question and are sufficiently aware of the actions of all participants in the firefighting, special attention should be paid to the preparation of illustrative material. Expressive illustrations and skillful demonstration will allow all those present to more fully understand the combat operations of the units in extinguishing a fire, as well as the positive aspects and disadvantages in the work of the fire department. To demonstrate illustrative materials, it is advisable to use film projectors, overhead projectors, epidiascopes and other technical means.

When preparing the material part, the class leader must select assistants who can make the necessary diagrams, drawings and other illustrative materials for the analysis of the fire, and then demonstrate them in the prescribed manner.

The preparation of a leader for the analysis of a fire with the command staff of the garrison, cadets or students of educational institutions and training camps according to descriptions of the fire, reviews and information letters has a number of features. All work on the preparation of the class leader for such an analysis can be divided into the following stages: study of a fire according to a description or other source; study of documents on fires at similar facilities that occurred in their garrison, or on other fires, the extinguishing of which was characterized by similar shortcomings and positive aspects, analysis of fire prevention work at similar facilities before the fire was analyzed; development of a fire analysis plan and preparation of diagrams, graphs, etc.; development of measures to prevent and eliminate shortcomings in the work based on the data received.

When studying the description of a fire or other information sources, it is advisable to distribute all information and facts into the following groups: events and actions that occurred before the fire broke out; features of fire development; organization and actions of units during fire extinguishing. This distribution will facilitate further preparation for classes.

In the process of studying fire materials, one should outline what visual aids are needed for analysis, and, if necessary, take measures to produce diagrams, drawings, graphs, slides, etc.

After a thorough examination of the materials on the fire, the head of the class should determine whether there were last years fires at similar facilities of the garrison (region, district). For this purpose, it is necessary to review materials with an analysis of the hostilities in recent times, consult with the leadership and use other sources. If there were such facts, you need to familiarize yourself with the descriptions of these fires or cards of hostilities and other documents related to them and compare the events, facts and phenomena with the data of the fire being analyzed.

In the process of preparing for the analysis, it is advisable for the manager to familiarize himself with the documents of fire-technical inspections of similar objects in the garrison (region, district) and analyze the shortcomings and objective conditions at these objects, which caused the onset, rapid development of the fire and the complication of the combat work of fire departments.

The study of similar fires, materials on hostilities and fire prevention work at facilities similar to the one under consideration will allow the manager not only to comprehensively prepare for the analysis, but also to develop specific and effective practical measures in relation to this fire protection garrison (region, district) to prevent and elimination of shortcomings in the work of bodies and departments, as well as the dissemination of best practices.

When developing a fire analysis plan, it is advisable to include a number of discussion questions to bring them up for discussion by the command staff, and provide time for discussion.

An important milestone preparation of the head for the analysis is the development of measures to prevent and eliminate shortcomings in the work of the bodies and divisions of the fire department. These measures should be based on the conclusions and indications noted in the descriptions of fires, information letters and other documents of higher-ranking leaders of the fire brigade, as well as be drawn up taking into account the fire condition of the objects in relation to which the fire is sorted out, and the level of combat readiness of specific units and the fire brigade garrison as a whole. These measures, developed by the head of the analysis of the fire, are agreed with the leadership of the interested services and approved by the head of the apparatus or garrison (subdivision) of the fire department.

All fires that occurred in the area of \u200b\u200bthe departure of the fire department are sorted out with all the personnel of the guards on duty. Usually, the head of the guard at the end of duty conducts a debriefing with the guard that participated in extinguishing the fire, and with the rest of the guards, the debriefing in the form of an oral message is carried out by the head of the unit or his deputy when taking up duty or at other times of the day on duty.

The head of the guard must begin preparations for the analysis of the fire even in the process of extinguishing. In the course of extinguishing, he tries to preliminarily determine the causes and conditions for the occurrence and development of a fire, remembers the features of the initial situation, all its changes, the actions of the guard personnel, etc. (it is recommended to record all facts and phenomena, noting the time of onset and end of events). Then the head of the guard draws a scheme for the development and extinguishing of this fire and collects other data based on the specific conditions on the fire. Upon arrival at the unit, he analyzes the collected information and draws up a brief plan for the analysis of the fire and a diagram of the alignment of forces and means during extinguishing.

The analysis of a fire that occurred in a given garrison, separately with the command staff of the garrison (detachment, unit), after its investigation, is carried out in the following order:

1. The head of the garrison (body, subdivision) announces to the command staff the topic, purpose and procedure for the analysis of the fire and gives the floor to the person who investigated the fire;

2. The person who investigated the fire, or the head of the research group, acquaints those present with the operational and tactical characteristics of the object where the fire broke out, its fire-fighting condition, the cause of the fire and the initial actions of local forces and means, workers and employees to transmit a message to the fire brigade, extinguishing a fire and meeting arriving units;

3. Brief reports of the first and subsequent RTP, NSh, all NBU, NT and other officials are heard in the sequence corresponding to their participation in the extinguishing;

4. The commanders present at the classes speak and express their opinions and proposals on the features of combat work during extinguishing;

5. The person who investigated the fire takes the floor, summarizes the speeches and, on the basis of a preliminary analysis, characterizes the positive aspects and shortcomings in the actions of officials and fire departments;

1. What sections does the instruction consist of?

1. Study of fires. 2. Drawing up a description of fires. 3. Analysis of fires. 4. Analysis of the combat operations of fire departments.

2. What fires are subject to investigation?

Each fire is subject to investigation, regardless of: 1. The size of the fire. 2. The number of working units. 3. The amount of damage caused.

3. Who is assigned to investigate the fire?

Persons of the middle and senior commanding staff: 1. Not participating in fire extinguishing. 2. Not serving the object in a preventive sense. 3. Specialists from scientific institutions are involved.

4. What kind of fires are assigned to investigate the leaders or heads of departments?

1. With especially large material damage. 2. With a group death of people. 3. Of practical or scientific interest. 4. Where new techniques and methods of extinguishing were used.

5. When does the fire investigation start?

The investigation begins from the moment the first unit arrives. 1. Taking measures to preserve the cause of the fire. 2. Timely seizure of material evidence. 3. Obtaining information from the administration and persons who discovered the fire or extinguished it.

6. What is analyzed during the study?

1. Organization of fire extinguishing. 2. Actions of fire departments. 3. Actions of the administration and employees of the facility. 4. Processes and parameters of fire development. 5. Causes and conditions for the spread of fire and smoke. 6. Features of the behavior of building structures. 7. Work to save people, evacuate animals, property. 8. The efficiency of the use of equipment, fire extinguishing agents, means of communication. 9. The effectiveness of the use of automatic extinguishing, notification, smoke removal.

7. What are the ways to study a fire?

1. Registration of all fire events in time. 2. Detailed inspection with measurements, photography. 3. Drawing up various schemes. 4. Interview with persons involved in extinguishing. 5. Study of the technological process. 6. Study of operational documents. 7. Analysis of prescriptions, instructions, materials of the last check. 8. Checking the operational capabilities of units.

8. What sections does the fire description consist of?

1. Summary data on the fire (fire registration card). 2. Explanatory note, which consists of: - characteristics of the object; - fire-prevention state of the object before the fire; - characteristics of the protection of the object; - the time of occurrence and development of the fire; - actions of all persons involved in extinguishing the fire. 3. Conclusions and suggestions, measures taken: -causes that led to the fire; - the degree of guilt of fire protection workers; - proposals for correcting deficiencies or introducing advanced extinguishing methods. 4. Applications: -combined schedule; - fire extinguishing schemes; - photographs.

9. What is the procedure for dealing with a fire?

1. Analysis of the fire-prevention state of the object, the causes of the occurrence and features of the development of a fire. 2. Analysis of the positive and negative sides in the preventive work that affected the fire extinguishing. Z. Analysis of the organization of fire extinguishing from the first to the last RTP. 4. Development of measures to eliminate existing shortcomings. 5. Generalization and dissemination of positive experience.

10. What are the main issues in the analysis of the combat operations of fire departments?

1. Choice of the object of analysis. 2. Determining the time of the analyzed object. 3. Statistics in general and for periods of time. 4. Determining the directions of analysis. 5. Comparison of the analyzed directions. 6. Statistics of the selected direction. 7. Determination of the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of this direction. 8. Conclusions based on certain reasons 9. Suggestions for conclusions. 10. Order on management, head office, ministry.

General provisions

1. The study of fires is one of the main conditions for improving the organization of fire fighting and conducting rescue operations (hereinafter referred to as fire fighting), improving the level of readiness of units and professional training of fire protection personnel.

1.2. Fire study includes: fire study; compiling a card of actions of the fire department to extinguish the fire (Appendix 1) or a description of the fire (Appendix 2); analysis of fires with the personnel of fire departments.

1.3. Every fire that is subject to statistical accounting is subject to investigation, regardless of its size, the number of forces and means working to extinguish it, and the amount of damage caused.

1.4. The study of fires is entrusted to the most trained officials of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and fire departments who did not participate in extinguishing this fire and do not carry out fire supervision of the organization (facility) where the fire occurred. If necessary, specialists from fire-technical, research and educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia can be involved in the study (research) of fires.

1.5. For each fire subject to statistical accounting, the loss from which amounted to less than 3420 minimum wages (hereinafter referred to as the minimum wage), in which there were cases of death (from 1 to 4 people) and injuries to people (from 1 to 9 people), including employees (employees) of the fire department, a card is drawn up of the actions of the fire department to extinguish the fire or, if extinguishing the fire is of practical interest, a description of the fire. Cards of the actions of the fire department to extinguish the fire are compiled within a period of no more than 5 days from the moment the fire was extinguished, they are studied with the personnel of all fire departments involved in extinguishing the fire, within a period of no more than 10 days from the date of compiling the card. Attached to the card is a diagram of the distribution of forces and means at the time of the arrival of the first fire department and at the time of the fire extinguishing.

1.6. Fires with a loss of 3420 minimum wages or more, with a group death of 5 or more people, injury of 10 or more people, including employees (workers) of the fire department (large fire), are studied by managers and employees structural divisions territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia with the preparation of a description of the fire. Also, a description is compiled for fires, the study of which is of practical or scientific interest (by decision of the Russian Emergencies Ministry or the head of the territorial body of the Russian Emergencies Ministry).

1.7. The description of the fire (hereinafter referred to as the description) consists of a fire investigation card, an explanatory note and annexes. The description is drawn up within a period of not more than 30 days from the moment the fire was extinguished, signed by the persons who investigated the fire, and approved by the head of the territorial body of the EMERCOM of Russia. The description is studied with the commanding staff of the territorial bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia, fire departments no later than 1 quarter from the date of compilation. The description is drawn up in the required number of copies, one copy is sent to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (hereinafter referred to as the Russian Emergencies Ministry) through the Department of Fire Fighting and Special Fire Protection of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in hard copy and on magnetic media .

1.8. Responsibility for the timeliness, completeness and objectivity of the study of fires is borne by the heads of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the fire departments, by whose forces the study of fires was carried out.

2. Fire investigation

2.1. Fire investigation begins from the moment the fire occurs. The first and subsequent RTP, as well as other officials involved in extinguishing the fire, must take measures, as far as possible, to preserve and timely withdraw material evidence, obtain information from eyewitnesses of the fire, etc.

2.2. The purpose of the fire investigation is to establish the location and cause of the fire; to study the process of fire development, the causes and conditions that contributed to the spread of fire hazards, the behavior of structural elements of a building (structure) and production equipment, as well as various substances and materials in a fire; analyze the causes that led to the death and injury of people, causing material damage; evaluate the efficiency of fire detection and warning systems, smoke removal, as well as fire extinguishing installations.

2.3. Work on the study of the fire is carried out by: interviews with persons who discovered the fire and reported it to the fire brigade, who participated in extinguishing the fire; a detailed inspection of the fire site with the necessary measurements, photography, drawing up diagrams and plans; study on the drawings (diagrams) and in kind of building structures, the state of evacuation routes in a building (structure) affected by fire, the production process, the state of fire water supply, stationary extinguishing equipment, alarms, communications, entrances and driveways, conducting analytical and experimental studies ; preservation and timely seizure of physical evidence, obtaining information from employees (employees) or unauthorized persons who discovered the fire or are related to it.

3. Card of actions of fire departments to extinguish a fire

3.1. Drawing up and filling out the action card of fire departments to extinguish a fire is carried out in accordance with the form specified in Appendix 1. Answers to the questions posed in the card must be concise, reliable and exhaustive.