Legislation of the Russian Federation on fire safety is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and includes the Federal Law of December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ "On Fire Safety", federal laws and other regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with it, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipal legal acts regulating fire safety issues.

The Federal Law "On Fire Safety" defines:

1. general legal, economic and social foundations ensuring fire safety in the Russian Federation, regulates relations in this area between state authorities, bodies local government, institutions, organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, as well as between public associations, officials, citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons. Ensuring fire safety is one of the most important functions of the state.
2. fire safety - the state of protection of the individual, property, society and the state from fires;
3. fire - uncontrolled burning that causes material damage, harm to the life and health of citizens, the interests of society and the state;
4. fire mode- rules of conduct for people, the procedure for organizing production and (or) maintaining premises (territories), ensuring the prevention of violations of fire safety requirements and extinguishing fires;

Fire safety system

Fire safety system - a set of forces and means, as well as legal, organizational, economic, social, scientific and technical measures aimed at fighting fires. The main elements of the fire safety system are state authorities, local governments, organizations, citizens involved in ensuring fire safety in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The main functions of the fire safety system:
1. regulatory legal regulation and implementation government measures in the field of fire safety;
2. creation fire brigade and organization of its activities;
3. development and implementation of fire safety measures;
4. implementation of rights, duties and responsibilities in the field of fire safety;
5. carrying out fire prevention propaganda and educating the population in fire safety measures;
6. promoting the activities of voluntary firefighters, involving the population in ensuring fire safety;
7. scientific technical support fire safety;
8. Information Support in the field of fire safety;
9. implementation of state fire supervision and other control functions to ensure fire safety;
10. production of fire-technical products;
11. performance of works and provision of services in the field of fire safety;
12. Licensing activities in the field of fire safety and confirmation of the conformity of products and services in the field of fire safety;
13. extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations;
14. Accounting for fires and their consequences;
15. establishment of a special fire regime.

fire protection

Under the fire protection is understood - a set of created in in due course management bodies, divisions and organizations designed to organize the prevention of fires, extinguish them and carry out the rescue operations assigned to them.

Fire protection is divided into the following types:
1. state fire service;
2. municipal fire protection;
3. departmental fire protection;
4. private fire protection;
5. voluntary fire protection.

The main tasks of the fire department are:
1. organization and implementation of fire prevention;
2. saving people and property in case of fires;
3. organization and implementation of fire fighting and rescue operations.

The fire department is not involved in actions to prevent, eliminate socio-political, interethnic conflicts and riots.

State Fire Service

The State Fire Service is an integral part of the forces for ensuring the security of the individual, society and the state and coordinates the activities of other types of fire protection.

The State Fire Service includes:
1. federal fire service;
2. fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The Federal Fire Service is an integral part of the State Fire fire service and is included in the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. In accordance with the Regulations on the Federal Fire Service, approved Decree Government of the Russian Federation of June 20, 2005 N 385.

The Federal Fire Service includes:
1. structural divisions of the central office federal body executive power authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety (EMERCOM of the Russian Federation), managing and coordinating the activities of the federal fire service and its territorial bodies- regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences natural Disasters in the subjects of the Russian Federation;
2. bodies of state fire supervision;
3. fire-technical, research and educational institutions;
4. subdivisions of the federal fire service, created in order to ensure the prevention of fires and (or) their extinguishing in organizations (object subdivisions);

The fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is created by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The personnel of the State Fire Service includes those in the relevant regular positions:
1. persons of private and commanding staff of the federal fire service (employees);
2. military personnel of the federal fire service;
3. persons who do not have special or military ranks(workers).

The State Fire Service accepts citizens of the Russian Federation not younger than 17 years old, capable of fulfilling the duties assigned to the personnel of the State Fire Service due to their personal and business qualities, education and health status. The employees and military personnel of the federal fire service are subject to the provisions governing the service, respectively, in the internal affairs bodies and in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as the rights, obligations and benefits established by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.

In order to protect their professional, social and other rights and legitimate interests employees of the State Fire Service may unite or join on a voluntary basis and in accordance with current legislation in trade unions, associations, associations of fire protection. In their activities, the personnel of the State Fire Service cannot be limited by decisions political parties, mass social movements and other public associations pursuing political goals.

The personnel of the State Fire Service in confirmation of their authority are issued service certificates established pattern. Employees and military personnel have insignia and uniforms established by the Government of the Russian Federation. In the federal fire service, civil servants also serve (in bodies where this type of public service is provided). Employees, military personnel and employees of the federal fire service and members of their families are under state protection.

Employees and military personnel of the federal fire service are subject to the laws of the Russian Federation and departmental regulations respectively, for employees of the internal affairs bodies and for military personnel of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation guarantees of legal and social protection and perks. The personnel of the federal fire service participating in fire fighting have the right to extraordinary installation of the telephone. Employees and military personnel of the federal fire service using in official purposes personal transport, paid financial compensation in established sizes. Employees of the State Fire Service working in positions provided for by the list of operational positions of the State Fire Service, old-age pensions are established upon reaching the age of 50 years and with at least 25 years of experience in the State Fire Service.

In the event of the death of an employee, serviceman, employee of the State Fire Service, municipal fire brigade in the line of duty, the family of the deceased retains the right to improve living conditions, including the receipt of a separate apartment on the grounds that were in place at the time of his death, no later than six months from the date of his death. On the personnel of the State Fire Service, protecting organizations from fires with harmful and hazardous conditions labor, guarantees of legal and social protection and benefits established by the current legislation for employees of these organizations apply.

Employees and employees of the State Fire Service are subject to compulsory state personal insurance at the expense of the relevant budgets. In case of death (death) of employees and employees of the federal fire service, which occurred in the performance of their official duties, or their death, which occurred as a result of injury (wounds, injuries, contusions) or diseases received by them in the performance of their duties before the expiration of one year from the date of dismissal from the State Fire Service, paid lump sum in the amount of 120 monthly salaries established on the day of payment of benefits, to family members of the dead (deceased), with the subsequent recovery of this amount from the perpetrators.

In case of early dismissal of employees and employees of the federal fire service from service in connection with their recognition as unfit for service due to injury (wounds, injuries, contusions) or diseases received by them in the line of duty, they are paid a lump-sum allowance in the amount of 60 salaries of the monetary content established on the day of payment of benefits, with the subsequent recovery of this amount from the perpetrators.

Fire brigade of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

The Russian fire brigade consists of the state fire service, municipal fire brigade, departmental fire brigade, private fire brigade, and voluntary fire brigade. These divisions of the fire department, lined up in volume, scale, vertical.

The State Fire Service is, in essence, exactly the fire department that we all know and call if a fire occurs. This is both a federal and a territorial fire service.

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The structure and divisions of the Russian fire department

The municipal fire brigade includes all bodies, forces and means that municipalities create in cooperation with or as a supplement to the state fire brigade. The specified protection is created by local governments in municipal areas, in small municipalities - rural districts, settlements, cities, for example, the Moscow fire department.

The departmental fire protection is a body created by federal executive bodies and organizations to ensure such important conditions like fire safety and security.

Private fire protection is an integral part of the fire safety system created in organizations and settlements. Private fire organizations conclude contracts for the provision of services in the field of fire safety.

Voluntary fire protection is a form of voluntary participation of the population in the implementation of the primary stage of fire safety.

The fire department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, among its main tasks, organizes fire prevention, resolves issues of saving people and property in fires, organizes fire extinguishing and conducts rescue operations.

Fire extinguishing is an action that is aimed at eliminating fires, saving people and property. Rescue work carried out by fire departments is the rescue of people, property, bringing to a minimum level of action dangerous factors, which are typical in emergencies, disasters and accidents.

The issues of organizing and implementing fire prevention are a set of preventive measures that are aimed at preventing the occurrence of fires and limiting their consequences. These are complex events of a propaganda, informational, technical and organizational nature.

The activities and history of the fire department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation

The activities of the fire department do not contain the prevention, elimination of conflicts of an interethnic and socio-political nature, riots. The functions of the individual agencies are separated by federal law because firefighting is different from public order.

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The State Fire Service is component forces to ensure the security of man, society and the state. Many structures are intended to protect the individual, society and state in Russia. It's about on the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, internal affairs bodies, Federal Service security, Internal Troops etc.

The history of the fire brigade suggests that this service is deservedly put on a par with other protective bodies of the country. The fire brigade of the Ministry of Emergency Situations coordinates the activities of all types of fire brigade. The legislation considers the state fire service to be the leading force in the fight against fires and the consequences. All other fire services are subordinate to her.

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The Ministry of Emergency Situations is a ministry that is authorized to resolve the entire range of fire safety issues. The Ministry of Emergency Situations consists, among other structures, of the Department of Fire and Rescue Forces, forces civil defense and special fire department. Each subject of the Russian Federation has a structural subdivision of the ministry, which implements public policy in the field of fire safety.

The system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation includes the bodies of state fire supervision. Their common task is to identify, suppress offenses in the field of fire safety, punish the perpetrators, and ensure the elimination of violations of the law.

In the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, there are a number of fire-technical, research, educational institutions that are designed to develop new equipment, materials, procedures that are used to ensure fire safety, as well as to train qualified personnel.

Where are firefighters trained in Russia?

First of all, it is worth mentioning:

Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;

St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;

Ivanovo Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;

State educational institution middle vocational education"Technical Fire and Rescue College";

Voronezh fire-technical school of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation;

Ural Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and other organizations.

It is obvious that the Russian fire brigade is very attentive to the personnel issue.

Fire departments exist at every airport, seaport, nuclear power plant, oil refinery and other large facilities. They perform the tasks of fire protection of these objects, but can carry out extinguishing of other objects in case of emergency. Serious fire measures are being taken to ensure the safety of military airfields, spaceports, and ranges.

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What does fire protection and safety include?

The fire protection of Russia performs the following main functions:

Organizes and carries out state fire supervision on the territory of Russia, excluding facilities where other government bodies perform the functions of state fire supervision;

Organizes and carries out fire prevention;

Organizes and carries out fire extinguishing, conducts emergency rescue operations, saves people and property at facilities and closed administrative and territorial entities that are of critical importance in matters national security country, as well as on other fire-hazardous objects of increased value related to the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation;

Coordinates the activities of other types of fire protection, on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation;

Provides scientific and technical support for fire safety and coordination scientific research in the field of fire safety;

Organizes, to the extent of its competence, the training in its own educational institutions of specialists for work in the fire department and organizations;

Provides methodological guidance and control over the activities of educating the population on fire safety issues, organizing the training of officials for work in state authorities dealing with fire safety issues.

The Federal Fire Service is responsible for:

Carrying out prevention, fire fighting, emergency rescue operations at facilities considered critical to the national security of the country, at federal level events where a mass gathering of people is expected, security and especially important organizations;

Implementation of the state scientific and technical policy in the field of fire safety;

Implementation of control over the implementation of regulatory legal acts, technical regulations local authorities;

Implementation of operational management of all types of fire protection, means and forces that are involved in extinguishing fires;

Provision of vocational training, retraining, advanced training of personnel, provision of training of officials on fire safety issues.

If a citizen of the Russian Federation has decided to link his fate with the civil defense forces, he must submit an application to the military commissariat in which he is registered. The following documents are submitted along with the application:

Questionnaire for applicants under a contract for military service filled in the prescribed form;

Autobiography, in free form, written by hand;

Copies of documents certified in accordance with the established procedure, with confirmation of professional or other education;

Copies of birth and marriage certificates;

Photo 9-12 cm (full face);

Copy of birth certificate;

Service reference from the place of the last study or work;

Extract from the house book.

Where to buy gifts for Fire Protection Day and how to congratulate rescuers on the holiday?

Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia) as a single independent operational service.

The State Fire Service includes:

• federal fire service;
• fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

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✪ Mass sports event at the Voronezh Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

Subtitles

Story

In 1990, the paramilitary and professional fire protection of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs guarded enterprises, organizations, institutions on the basis of an agreement at their expense.

In November 2001, a presidential decree was issued "On improving government controlled in the field of fire safety. As a result of this, 278 thousand employees of the State Fire Service became part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the number of which was before that 70 thousand people. Until 2005, the fire service was managed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. At the time of the merger, the financing of the State Fire Service was carried out according to a complex scheme: 87 thousand people were supported by federal budget, 147 thousand - with the money of the subjects of the Federation, the rest were kept by protected objects.

As a result administrative reform In 2005, the fire service was divided into federal and regional. As of 2005, more than 80 thousand people remained in the EMERCOM of Russia, regional authorities 137 thousand crossed, and about 70 thousand firefighters were kept at the expense of the objects protected by them on a contractual basis.

In 2010, the number of divisions of the federal fire service was 150 thousand people, the fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation consisted of about 52 thousand specialists. AT object formations- more than 16 thousand.

Federal Fire Service is an integral part of the State Fire Service and is part of the system of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense Affairs, emergencies and elimination of consequences of natural disasters (EMERCOM of Russia).

Main functions

1. Conducts fire prevention, firefighting and emergency rescue operations:
   • at facilities critical to the national security of the country, other especially important fire hazardous facilities, especially valuable facilities cultural heritage peoples of the Russian Federation, when holding events at the federal level with a mass concentration of people;
   • in closed administrative-territorial formations, as well as in especially important and sensitive organizations;
2. Exercises control over the execution by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations federal laws technical regulations and other normative legal acts in the field of fire safety;
3. Implements operational management other types of fire protection, forces and means involved in extinguishing fires at facilities critical to the national security of the country, other especially important fire hazardous facilities, especially valuable objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as when holding federal-level events with a mass concentration of people;
4. Monitors the state of fire safety on the territory of the Russian Federation; prepares proposals for state authorities and local governments on the implementation of measures in the field of fire safety;
5. Carries out fire prevention propaganda and education of the population in fire safety measures;
6. Organizes and maintains official statistical records and state statistical reporting on fires and their consequences on the territory of the Russian Federation, indicators of operational activities and resources of the federal fire service, the fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and other types of fire protection;
7. Prepares draft regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the field of fire safety and organization of the activities of the federal fire service

Contractual subdivisions of the federal fire service are maintained at the expense of protected facilities. Buildings, structures, premises, fire and other equipment, as well as equipment, equipment and property transferred for use to the contractual division of the FPS, are the property of the organization and remain on its balance sheet.

Fire Service of the Subjects of the Russian Federation

Fire fighting services of the subjects of the Russian Federation are an integral part of the State Fire Service and are not included in the system of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia)

The fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is created by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The activities of these fire extinguishing services are regulated by federal regulations, current activities are regulated by regulations of the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Financial support for the activities of the fire service of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is carried out at the expense.

Organization of the activities of the State Fire Service

Organization of the activities of the State Fire Service (fire-technical surveys of territories, buildings and structures, premises, administrative practice inquiry on fires, state statistical accounting of fires) are regulated by legislative normative documents. The heads of organizations should be guided by the main provisions of these documents when organizing the internal work of those responsible for the fire safety of objects, as well as additional fire fighting units.

In accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law "On Fire Safety", the State Fire Service (hereinafter referred to as the State Fire Service or the Service) is the basis for the functioning of the fire safety system in the Russian Federation and is part of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense. emergencies and disaster relief.

The system of the State Fire Service consists of:

The federal governing body of the State Fire Service is the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Possesses powers federal oversight Russia, is state customer fire-technical products, the central certification body.

The head of the GUGPS is ex officio the Chief State Inspector of the Russian Federation for fire supervision.

It includes the Special Directorate, designed to ensure the fire safety of high-security objects of the defense complex, the highest bodies of state power and closed administrative-territorial entities with vertical subordination of government bodies.

Territorial and special bodies departments and subdivisions of the State Border Service, includes:

Offices, departments of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Force control centers and firefighting services;

Squads of the GPS;

fire departments;

Technical service units (production and technical centers, detachments and units);

Regional specialized detachments to extinguish large fires;

Specialized units for extinguishing large fires;

Bases for ensuring mobilization readiness;

Training centers and training points;

Testing fire laboratories;

Polygons;

Centers for fire prevention propaganda and public relations.

State Fire Service

It is an integral part of the forces for ensuring the security of the individual, society and the state and coordinates the activities of other types of fire protection.

The main tasks of the State Fire Service:

Organization of the development and implementation of state measures, regulatory regulation in the field of fire safety;

Implementation of state fire supervision in the Russian Federation;

Organization and implementation in accordance with the established procedure of protection of settlements and enterprises from fires, other works and services in the field of fire safety;

Ensuring and implementing fire extinguishing;

Implementation of financial and logistical support for the activities of governing bodies and divisions of the State Fire Service.

Coordination of activities of other types of fire protection;

Development and organization of the implementation of a unified scientific and technical policy in the field of fire safety;

Implementation of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel for the fire department.

Other tasks for the State Fire Service may be assigned only by federal law.

The system of the State Fire Service includes:

Federal Fire Service;

Fire service of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

The Federal Fire Service includes:

Structural subdivisions of the central office of the federal executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety, managing and coordinating the activities of the federal fire service;

Structural subdivisions of the territorial bodies of the federal executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety - regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and liquidation of consequences of natural disasters, bodies authorized to solve civil defense tasks and tasks for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations in subjects of the Russian Federation;

Bodies of the state fire supervision;

Fire-technical, research and educational institutions;

Subdivisions of the federal fire service, created in order to organize the prevention and extinguishing of fires in closed administrative-territorial entities, as well as in especially important and sensitive organizations (special and military units).

The organizational structure, powers, tasks, functions, procedure for the activity of the federal fire service is determined by the Regulations on the federal fire service, approved in the prescribed manner.

The fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is created by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Departmental fire protection

In order to ensure fire safety, federal executive authorities and enterprises may create management bodies and divisions of departmental fire protection.

The procedure for organization, reorganization, liquidation of management bodies and divisions of departmental fire protection, the conditions for the implementation of their activities, the performance of service by personnel are determined by the relevant provisions agreed with the State Fire Service.

If a violation of fire safety requirements is detected that poses a threat of a fire and the safety of people at subordinate enterprises, the departmental fire brigade has the right to suspend, in whole or in part, the operation of an enterprise (separate production), production site, unit, operation of a building, structure, premises, certain types works.

Control over ensuring fire safety during the operation of air, sea, river and railway Vehicle, as well as floating sea and river facilities and structures, is carried out by the relevant federal executive authorities.

Control over the provision of fire safety of diplomatic and consular offices of the Russian Federation, as well as representative offices of the Russian Federation abroad, is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided international treaties RF.

Municipal Fire Department

General provisions

NPB 202-96 (82) establish fire safety requirements in the field of organization of the municipal fire service.

The municipal fire service is organized by local governments to prevent and extinguish fires on the territory of the municipality and is financed from the local budget, as well as other sources provided for by law.

The purpose, tasks, procedure for the creation and organization of the activities of the municipal fire department, the procedure for its relationship with other types of fire protection are determined by local governments.

A municipal fire service can be created if the size standard established by the federal law “On Fire Safety” (Article 10) (1 unit of personnel of the State Fire Service per 650 people of the population) is fulfilled on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The municipal service is organized in the shaft of voluntary or departmental fire protection and is carried out by units created in the manner established for these types of fire protection.

The subdivision of the municipal fire service (hereinafter referred to as the subdivisions) is part of the fire protection garrison. If involvement in extinguishing fires is carried out on the basis of appropriate plans for attracting forces and means, in the manner prescribed by the current legislation, the combat regulations of the fire department and other regulatory acts of the State Fire Service.

Private fire department

Private fire protection is created in settlements and organizations.

The creation, reorganization and liquidation of private fire departments are carried out in accordance with Civil Code RF.

Standards for the number and technical equipment private fire protection are established by its owner independently.

Private fire departments provide services in the field of fire safety on the basis of concluded contracts.

Volunteer Fire Department

Voluntary fire protection is a form of citizens' participation in ensuring primary fire safety measures.

Volunteer firefighter - a citizen who directly participates on a voluntary basis (without conclusion employment contract) in the activities of fire departments to prevent and (or) extinguish fires.

The procedure for registering voluntary firefighters and creating subdivisions (teams, teams) of voluntary fire protection is established by the State Fire Service. Financial and logistical support of units (teams, teams) of voluntary fire protection is carried out at the expense of local budgets, funds of voluntary fire protection organizations on which these units (teams, teams) are created, funds of fire protection associations, donations from citizens and legal entities, as well as other sources of funding.

The maximum number of volunteer firefighters is determined by local governments.

The order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of April 2, 2001 No. 390 “On the Enactment of the Procedure for the Creation of Volunteer Fire Protection Units and the Registration of Volunteer Firefighters” regulates the creation of voluntary fire protection units at municipalities and in organizations, regardless of the presence of units of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or departmental security, as well as the registration of voluntary firefighters.

Volunteer fire protection units are created in the form of squads and teams that are municipal or facility and are part of the fire safety system of the municipality, respectively.

The squad operates without the use of fire trucks.

The team carries out activities using fire trucks.

The number of voluntary fire protection units and their structure is established by the head of the local self-government (organization) in agreement with the head of the State Fire Service unit.

Topic #3

"People's safety organization

on water objects"

Water is an essential component of the natural environment, renewable, limited and vulnerable natural resource, the basis of life and activity of the peoples living on the territory of the Russian Federation (the human community "EARTH"), ensure the economic, social, environmental well-being of the population, the existence of flora and fauna.

Relations about water bodies on the territory of the Russian Federation are regulated by the "Constitution", "Water Code" and other regulatory legal acts the Russian Federation and its subjects by establishing legal framework use and protection of water bodies.

1. Regulatory regulation use of water bodies

Article 42 of the "Constitution" of the Russian Federation establishes three independent powers: the right to a favorable environment; the right to receive reliable information about her condition; the right to compensation for damage to health or property environmental offense. The subjects of these rights are citizens of the Russian Federation, stateless persons and Foreign citizens located on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The environment has either a favorable or a negative impact on the life and activities of people; the health of not only present, but also future generations depends on its condition. A decent human life is possible only in conditions of favorable environment.

Article 58 of the "Constitution" singles out the environment and natural resources as independent objects of nature protection. Thus, the right of every person to a favorable environment is accompanied by his obligation to preserve nature, the environment, and natural resources. The "Constitution" emphasizes the obligation of citizens not to cause damage to the environment in the possession, use and disposal of land and other natural resources.

By securing the right of everyone to a favorable environment, the state thereby assumes the obligation to ensure this right. In accordance with the Federal Law of January 10, 2002 No. 7-FZ “On Environmental Protection”, relations in the field of interaction between society and nature are regulated. The objects of environmental protection include:

- land, subsoil, soil;

– surface and ground waters;

- forests and other vegetation, animals and other organisms and their genetic fund;

- atmospheric air, the ozone layer of the atmosphere and near-Earth space.

Federal Law No. 52-FZ of March 30, 1999 “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” establishes sanitary and epidemiological requirements for ensuring the safety of the environment for human health, which apply, in particular, to water bodies.

Issues of nature management, environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, specially protected natural areas are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects

The Federal Law of November 16, 1995 No. 167-FZ "Water Code" of the Russian Federation determines that, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the water legislation of the Russian Federation is under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The water legislation of the Russian Federation regulates relations in the field of use and protection of water bodies in order to ensure the rights of citizens to clean water and favorable aquatic environment; maintaining optimal conditions for water use; the quality of surface and ground waters in a state that meets sanitary and environmental requirements; protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging and depletion; prevention or elimination of the harmful effects of water, as well as the conservation of the biological diversity of aquatic ecosystems. The goals of the water legislation of the Russian Federation are implemented on the basis of the principle of sustainable development (balanced development of the economy and improvement of the state of the natural environment).

The object of water relations is a water body or part of it. Surface waters and lands covered by them and associated with them (the bottom and banks of a water body) are considered as a single water body. Groundwater and the rocks containing it are also considered as a single water body. Depending on the physical-geographical, hydro-regime and other features, water bodies are divided into:

– surface water bodies;

– inland sea waters;

- underground water bodies.

Owners, owners and users land plots, adjacent to surface water bodies, can use water bodies only for their own needs, to the extent that this does not violate the rights and legitimate interests of other persons. They should not interfere with the use of water bodies and their banks by individuals and legal entities of the Russian Federation.

The participants in water relations are the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities and water users. On behalf of the city rural settlements and other municipal formations, local self-government bodies participate in water relations within their competence, established by acts defining the status of these bodies.

Water users can be citizens and legal entities to which water objects are provided for use.

A water user-citizen may use water bodies for own needs or for the implementation entrepreneurial activity after obtaining a license for water use.

A water user - a legal entity has the right to use water objects only after obtaining a license for water use.

A water user using water bodies to meet the needs of water consumers is obliged to carry out relevant activities in accordance with a water use license and a contract for the use of a water body.

All water bodies, as well as isolated water bodies (closed water bodies) that are not in municipal property, property of citizens and legal entities, are federal property.

The property of the Russian Federation (federal property) is:

- surface water bodies, the water areas and basins of which are located on the territories of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

- underground water bodies located on the territories of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

- water bodies that are the habitat of anadromous and catadromous fish species;

– transboundary (boundary) water bodies;

– inland sea waters;

– territorial sea of ​​the Russian Federation;

- water bodies that are specially protected natural areas of the federation. meaning or constituting part of these territories;

- water bodies that are part of the territory of resorts or health-improving areas federal significance;

– other specially protected water bodies of federal significance.

Water bodies are recognized as federal property by the Government of the Russian Federation in agreement with the executive authorities of the relevant constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Persons who are not owners of water bodies may have the following rights to water bodies:

– the right of long-term use;

– the right of short-term use;

– the right of limited use (water easement).

Everyone can use water facilities common use and other water bodies.

The rights to use water bodies are acquired on the basis of a license for water use and a contract for the use of a water body concluded in accordance with it.

Cancellation of a water use license is the basis for terminating the contract for the use of a water body concluded in accordance with it.

After the issuance of a water use license to a citizen or legal entity, the conclusion of an agreement on the use of a water body is mandatory.

Water bodies can be used for the following purposes:

– drinking and household water supply;

– healthcare;

– industry and energy;

– agriculture and forestry;

– hydropower;

– recreation;

– transport and construction;

– fire safety;

- fishing and hunting;

– timber rafting;

– extraction of minerals, peat and sapropel.

General water use is carried out in accordance with the rules for protecting the life of people at water bodies Local self-government bodies establish places where water intake for drinking and domestic water supply, bathing, swimming in small-sized floating equipment, watering of livestock are prohibited, and also determine other conditions for general water use at water bodies located in the territories of urban, rural settlements and other municipalities. On the prohibition of bathing and other this kind conditions for the implementation of general water use, the population is notified through means mass media, special information signs or other means.

The use of individual water bodies or parts of them may be limited, suspended or prohibited in order to ensure the protection of the foundations constitutional order, defense of the country and security of the state, protection of public health, the natural environment and historical and cultural heritage, the rights and legitimate interests of other persons in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Actions of water users aimed at monopolization and unfair competition are prohibited, as a result of which the rights and legitimate interests of other water users, as well as other citizens and legal entities, are infringed or may be infringed.

Water use licenses, contracts for the use of a water body in accordance with the established procedure are annulled and invalidated if they can lead to the monopolization of water use, entailing a significant violation of the rights and legitimate interests of other water users.

When using water bodies, citizens and legal entities are obliged to carry out production and technological, reclamation, agrotechnical, hydrotechnical, sanitary and other measures that ensure the protection of water bodies. The use of water bodies should be carried out with the least possible negative consequences for water bodies.

Federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and water users are obliged to take measures to prevent and eliminate the consequences of the harmful effects of water:

- floods, floods and flooding;

– destruction of banks, dams, dikes and other structures;

- swamping and salinization of lands;

– soil erosion, formation of ravines, landslides, mudflows and other phenomena.

In the event of natural disasters and accidents at water bodies, water users are obliged to take part in the implementation of measures to prevent and eliminate the consequences of the harmful effects of water. These activities are carried out in agreement with the federal executive body in the field of management of the use and protection of the water fund and with local governments.

Federal Law No. 155-FZ of July 31, 1998 “On Internal Sea Waters, the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of the Russian Federation” establishes the status and legal regime internal sea waters, the territorial sea and the adjacent zone of the Russian Federation.

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Emblem of the State Fire Service

The emblem of the fire service of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation

State Fire Service- is a type of fire protection and is partly part of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of the Russian Federation) as a single independent operational service.

The State Fire Service includes:

• federal fire service;
• fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Story

In 1990, the paramilitary and professional fire protection of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs guarded enterprises, organizations, institutions on the basis of an agreement at their expense.

In November 2001, the President issued a decree "On the improvement of public administration in the field of fire safety." As a result, 278,000 employees of the State Fire Service became part of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which had previously numbered 70,000 people. Until 2005, the fire service bodies were managed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. At the time of the merger, the financing of the State Fire Service was carried out according to a complex scheme: 87,000 people were kept at the expense of the federal budget, 147,000 - at the expense of the constituent entities of the Federation, the rest were kept by protected facilities.

As a result of the administrative reform in 2005, the fire service was divided into federal and regional. In 2005, more than 80 thousand people remained in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, 137 thousand people were transferred to the jurisdiction of the regional authorities, and about 70 thousand firefighters were kept at the expense of the objects they guard on a contractual basis.

In 2010, the number of divisions of the federal fire service was 150 thousand people, the fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation consisted of about 52 thousand specialists. There are more than 16 thousand in object formations.

Federal Fire Service is an integral part of the State Fire Service and is included in the system of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia).

Main functions

1. Conducts fire prevention, firefighting and emergency rescue operations:
   • at facilities critical to the national security of the country, other especially important fire hazardous facilities, especially valuable objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, when holding federal-level events with a mass concentration of people;
   • in closed administrative-territorial formations, as well as in especially important and sensitive organizations;
2. Exercises control over the implementation by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations of federal laws, technical regulations and other regulatory legal acts in the field of fire safety;
3. Carries out operational management of other types of fire protection, forces and means involved in extinguishing fires at facilities that are critical to the national security of the country, other especially important fire hazardous facilities, especially valuable cultural heritage sites of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as when holding federal-level events with mass concentration of people;
4. Monitors the state of fire safety on the territory of the Russian Federation; prepares proposals for state authorities and local governments on the implementation of measures in the field of fire safety;
5. Carries out fire prevention propaganda and education of the population in fire safety measures;
6. Organizes and maintains official statistical records and state statistical reporting on fires and their consequences on the territory of the Russian Federation, indicators of operational activities and resources of the federal fire service, the fire service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and other types of fire protection;
7. Prepares draft regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the field of fire safety and organization of the activities of the federal fire service

Contractual subdivisions of the federal fire service are maintained at the expense of protected facilities. Buildings, structures, premises, fire and other equipment, as well as equipment, equipment and property transferred for use to the contractual subdivision of the FPS, are the property of the organization and remain on its balance sheet.

State fire supervision

State Fire Supervision (GPN) - special kind state supervisory activities carried out by officials of management bodies and divisions of the State Fire Service in order to monitor compliance with fire safety requirements and suppress their violations

The main task of the state fire supervision is the implementation, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, of activities to conduct an audit of compliance by organizations and citizens with fire safety requirements and the adoption of measures based on the results of this audit.

Bodies of state fire supervision

• federal executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety, represented by structural unit its central office, which is responsible for the organization and implementation of state fire supervision;
• structural subdivisions of regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences of natural disasters, created for the organization and implementation of state fire supervision in the territories of federal districts;
• structural subdivisions of the territorial management bodies of the federal executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety;
• units of the federal fire service created in closed administrative-territorial formations.

Fire Service of the Subjects of the Russian Federation

Financial support for the activities of the fire service of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is carried out at the expense of:

Notes

Links

• State Fire Service on the website of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
• Duties and rights of state fire inspectors
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 21, 2004 No. 820 "On State Fire Supervision"
• Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ "On Fire Safety"

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